Spark Plug and Glow Plug

Spark Plug and Glow Plug Market Outlook

As of 2023, the global spark plug and glow plug market is valued at approximately USD 10 billion, with projections indicating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 5% from 2025 to 2035. This market growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for efficient ignition components in automobiles, the rising automotive production, particularly in emerging economies, and the growing popularity of electric and hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, advancements in technology such as the development of high-performance spark plugs and glow plugs designed to enhance engine efficiency and reduce emissions are also contributing to the market's expansion. The increasing focus on vehicle performance and fuel efficiency continues to push manufacturers toward innovation in this field, creating a vibrant marketplace for spark plugs and glow plugs.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth factors for the spark plug and glow plug market are multi-faceted, encompassing technological innovations, rising automotive production, and increasing environmental regulations that promote cleaner fuels and vehicle emissions. The automotive sector is undergoing rapid changes, transitioning towards hybrid and electric vehicles that still require specialized spark and glow plugs for optimal functionality. Additionally, the demand from the aerospace and industrial sectors for reliable ignition systems is also propelling market growth. The rise in consumer awareness regarding vehicle performance and maintenance is compelling manufacturers to produce high-quality products that ensure longevity and better efficiency. Furthermore, as the aftermarket for automotive parts continues to expand, the demand for spark plugs and glow plugs in replacement markets is seeing significant growth. This dynamic environment is shaping a robust market outlook for the coming years.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global spark plug and glow plug market is projected to reach USD 16 billion by 2035.
• Technological advancements are leading to the development of spark plugs that enhance fuel efficiency.
• Emerging markets in Asia Pacific are becoming significant contributors to market growth.
• The trend towards electric and hybrid vehicles offers new opportunities for glow plug manufacturers.
• Aftermarket sales are anticipated to grow as consumers seek quality replacement parts.

By Product Type

Hot Spark Plugs:

Hot spark plugs are designed to operate at a higher temperature and are thus ideal for use in engines that require a faster ignition process. These plugs are primarily used in vehicles that operate in warmer climates and are designed to minimize fouling while maximizing ignition performance. They are particularly suited for low-compression engines where ignition timing is crucial for optimal performance. The demand for hot spark plugs is expected to grow, propelled by the increase in gasoline-powered vehicles, especially in regions where warmer temperatures dominate. Furthermore, advancements in manufacturing processes and materials are helping manufacturers to produce more efficient hot spark plugs with improved durability, thus reinforcing their market presence.

Cold Spark Plugs:

Cold spark plugs are engineered to operate at lower temperatures, making them suitable for high-performance or turbocharged engines that generate more heat. These plugs ensure better combustion and prevent pre-ignition under extreme conditions. Their design allows them to dissipate heat away from the combustion chamber more efficiently, which is vital for maintaining engine performance in high-stress conditions. As the automotive industry moves towards performance-oriented vehicles, the demand for cold spark plugs is likely to rise, especially among enthusiasts and professional racers. Moreover, the advancements in materials used in their construction, such as iridium and platinum, enhance their performance and longevity, appealing to a broader consumer base.

Metal Glow Plugs:

Metal glow plugs are predominantly used in diesel engines to facilitate cold starting by preheating the combustion chamber before ignition. These plugs are known for their robustness and reliability in various operating conditions. The demand for metal glow plugs is expected to grow, driven by the increasing production of diesel vehicles globally, particularly in regions with colder climates. Furthermore, as diesel engines continue to dominate in commercial applications such as trucks and heavy machinery, the market for metal glow plugs is anticipated to remain strong. Manufacturers are also focusing on enhancing the quality and performance of these plugs, which fosters consumer confidence and drives market growth.

Ceramic Glow Plugs:

Ceramic glow plugs are a technological advancement in the glow plug market, offering better performance compared to traditional metal plugs. They provide faster heating times and improved durability in high-temperature environments. The rising demand for cleaner and more efficient combustion in diesel engines is likely to increase the adoption of ceramic glow plugs. With evolving regulatory requirements for emissions, manufacturers of diesel engines are increasingly turning to ceramic technology to meet stricter standards. Moreover, the lightweight nature of ceramic glow plugs can contribute to overall vehicle efficiency, making them a preferred choice for manufacturers aiming to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions.

Rapid Glow Plugs:

Rapid glow plugs are an innovative solution designed for quick heating, enabling diesel engines to start efficiently, even in extremely cold conditions. The unique construction of these plugs allows them to reach optimal temperatures in a fraction of the time compared to traditional glow plugs. This feature is particularly beneficial in regions that experience harsh winters, as it ensures reliable engine starts regardless of the weather conditions. With the growing demand for diesel engines in various applications, including commercial and passenger vehicles, the market for rapid glow plugs is expected to flourish. Manufacturers are focusing on enhancing the technology behind these plugs, leading to further improvements in performance and reliability, which will likely bolster their market penetration.

By Application

Automotive:

The automotive sector represents the largest application area for spark plugs and glow plugs, as these components are essential for the proper functioning of internal combustion engines. With the global automotive market experiencing continuous growth, the demand for reliable ignition systems is increasing proportionately. Spark plugs are critical in gasoline engines, while glow plugs play a vital role in the performance of diesel engines. As vehicle manufacturers continue to innovate and improve engine performance, the need for high-quality spark plugs and glow plugs is anticipated to rise. Additionally, the shift towards electric vehicles is also influencing the market, as automakers seek to enhance the efficiency of hybrid models, thereby creating new opportunities for manufacturers in this space.

Aerospace:

The aerospace sector is witnessing an increasing demand for specialized ignition systems, including spark plugs and glow plugs. These components are crucial for ensuring reliable engine performance in both commercial and military aircraft. The stringent safety regulations in the aerospace industry necessitate the use of high-performance spark plugs and glow plugs that can withstand extreme conditions and provide consistent ignition. As air travel continues to expand globally, the aerospace market is expected to grow, thereby driving the demand for advanced ignition systems that enhance engine efficiency and reliability. Manufacturers in the aerospace sector are focusing on innovation and the development of cutting-edge technology to meet these specific requirements.

Industrial:

In the industrial application segment, spark plugs and glow plugs are used in various machinery, including generators and heavy equipment, which rely on reliable ignition for efficient operation. The growth of industries such as construction, manufacturing, and agriculture is directly impacting the demand for these components. As industrial equipment becomes more advanced, there is a growing need for high-performance ignition systems that can handle increased workloads and operate efficiently in diverse environments. Manufacturers are responding to this trend by developing more durable and efficient spark plugs and glow plugs, which are crucial for maintaining productivity and reducing downtime in industrial operations.

Marine:

The marine sector also utilizes spark plugs and glow plugs, primarily in outboard motors and diesel engines for vessels. As the global shipping and boating industry expands, the demand for reliable ignition systems is increasing. Spark plugs are integral to the performance of gasoline engines commonly used in smaller vessels, while glow plugs are vital for larger diesel engines that power commercial ships and recreational boats. Furthermore, as environmental regulations on emissions tighten, there is a growing emphasis on using high-performance ignition systems that can reduce fuel consumption and emissions, thereby fueling market growth in this sector. Manufacturers are innovating to provide solutions that meet these regulatory requirements while ensuring optimal performance in marine engines.

Power Generation:

In the power generation industry, spark plugs and glow plugs are critical in various applications, including backup generators and power plants. The increasing need for dependable and efficient power generation solutions is driving the demand for these components. Spark plugs are essential for gasoline generators, while glow plugs are used in diesel-powered generators to ensure reliable starts, especially in cold weather. With the rising global energy demand and the transition towards renewable energy sources, there is an increasing reliance on backup power systems, enhancing the market for spark plugs and glow plugs. Manufacturers are focusing on developing advanced ignition technologies that provide better performance and meet the high standards required for power generation applications.

By Distribution Channel

OEM:

The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) segment holds a significant share of the spark plug and glow plug market. This channel is characterized by direct sales to vehicle manufacturers who integrate these components into their production processes. As vehicle production continues to rise, particularly in emerging markets, the demand for OEM spark plugs and glow plugs is expected to grow. Automakers are increasingly seeking high-quality ignition components that enhance vehicle performance and reliability, thereby establishing long-term partnerships with manufacturers. Additionally, OEMs are focusing on technological advancements and innovations, which further bolsters the market for spark plugs and glow plugs supplied through this channel.

Aftermarket:

The aftermarket segment is also experiencing substantial growth, driven by the increasing consumer awareness regarding vehicle maintenance and performance enhancements. As vehicles age, the demand for replacement spark plugs and glow plugs rises, providing a robust market for aftermarket suppliers. Consumers are becoming more inclined to invest in high-quality replacement parts to ensure optimal engine performance. The rise of e-commerce and online retail channels is also contributing to the expansion of the aftermarket sector, allowing consumers to easily access a wide range of products. Furthermore, manufacturers are focusing on branding and marketing efforts to attract consumers looking for reliable replacement ignition components, which is anticipated to further propel market growth.

By Electrode Material

Copper:

Copper spark plugs are widely known for their excellent conductivity and affordability. They are typically used in standard vehicles and are favored for their cost-effectiveness. While they do not offer the same longevity as other materials like platinum or iridium, their performance in terms of ignition efficiency is notable. The demand for copper spark plugs remains steady due to their accessibility and the vast number of older vehicles still in use that require these components. As the automotive landscape evolves, copper spark plugs continue to hold a vital place in the aftermarket segment, catering to cost-conscious consumers who seek reliable performance without the premium price tag associated with high-end materials.

Platinum:

Platinum spark plugs are recognized for their durability and extended life, making them a popular choice for modern vehicles. The use of platinum as an electrode material allows for better performance and improved fuel efficiency, which appeals to consumers looking to optimize their vehicle's operation. These spark plugs can withstand high temperatures and resist wear, which is crucial for maintaining ignition efficiency over time. The growing trend of manufacturers adopting platinum spark plugs in their vehicles further drives demand, as consumers experience the benefits firsthand and seek similar quality in the aftermarket. As automotive technology advances, the recognition of platinum spark plugs as an effective solution for high-performance engines is expected to continue growing.

Iridium:

Iridium spark plugs are known for their superior performance and longevity, making them the premium choice for high-performance vehicles. The properties of iridium allow these spark plugs to operate efficiently at higher temperatures and under extreme conditions. Their durability ensures that they require less frequent replacement compared to other types, appealing to consumers who prioritize performance and reliability. The increasing adoption of iridium spark plugs by manufacturers is supporting their growth in both OEM and aftermarket applications. As consumers become more focused on performance tuning and vehicle efficiency, the trend towards using iridium spark plugs is likely to expand, further solidifying their position in the market.

Nichol:

Nickel spark plugs are often used in a variety of applications, providing a good balance of performance and cost. They are well-suited for standard gasoline engines and are recognized for their reliability and availability. While they may not offer the longevity of platinum or iridium plugs, their performance remains adequate for many consumers. The nickel alloy used in these plugs allows for decent conductivity and heat resistance, which is critical for efficient engine performance. The ongoing operation of older vehicles that utilize nickel spark plugs ensures a consistent demand in the aftermarket sector. Manufacturers are also introducing nickel-plated options to enhance performance and extend the life of these spark plugs, appealing to a wider range of consumers.

Silver:

Silver spark plugs, although less common than their counterparts, are known for their excellent conductivity and performance at high speeds. They are typically used in racing applications and high-performance engines, where rapid ignition and consistent performance are crucial. Silver spark plugs can offer improved throttle response and acceleration, making them attractive to enthusiasts and competitive racers. However, their relatively shorter lifespan compared to platinum or iridium plugs limits their use to specific applications. As the racing and performance market continues to grow, the demand for silver spark plugs is expected to follow, particularly among consumers seeking to enhance their vehicle's performance on the track.

By Region

The North American region is one of the largest markets for spark plugs and glow plugs, driven by the high demand from the automotive sector, including both OEM and aftermarket sales. The presence of major automotive manufacturers and a robust aftermarket network contribute significantly to market growth, with the region expected to witness a CAGR of around 4% over the forecast period. The United States, being a dominant player in the automotive industry, continues to focus on innovation and quality enhancements, pushing for the adoption of advanced ignition technologies. Additionally, the increasing production of electric and hybrid vehicles in North America is creating new opportunities for glow plug manufacturers, further bolstering the market’s outlook.

In Europe, the spark plug and glow plug market is also experiencing robust growth, driven by stringent emission regulations that necessitate the use of high-performance ignition systems. The market is characterized by a strong emphasis on the development of advanced ignition technologies to comply with evolving environmental standards. Countries like Germany and France are leading the automotive production in the region, with a growing emphasis on electric vehicles. The European market is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 5% from 2025 to 2035, supported by increased production of vehicles with advanced ignition systems that enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Furthermore, the trend towards sustainability is influencing consumer choices, driving demand for innovative spark plugs and glow plugs that meet these criteria.

Opportunities

The growing trend of electric and hybrid vehicles presents substantial opportunities for the spark plug and glow plug market. As automakers increasingly integrate advanced ignition systems into their designs, there is a significant potential for manufacturers to innovate and develop specialized products tailored for these new technologies. The shift towards sustainable and fuel-efficient vehicles is pushing manufacturers to invest in research and development, leading to the creation of high-performance spark plugs and glow plugs that meet the demands of modern engines. Furthermore, as consumer awareness regarding vehicle maintenance rises, there will be a growing demand for high-quality replacement parts in the aftermarket, allowing manufacturers to expand their product offerings to cater to this emerging market segment.

Another noteworthy opportunity lies in the expansion of the automotive industry in emerging markets, particularly in Asia Pacific and Latin America. With rising disposable incomes and increasing vehicle ownership, there is a growing demand for reliable and efficient ignition systems. Manufacturers can leverage this trend by establishing local production facilities and collaborating with regional automotive manufacturers to develop tailored solutions that meet specific market needs. Additionally, as governments implement stricter environmental regulations worldwide, there is a heightened focus on enhancing the performance of spark plugs and glow plugs to minimize emissions. This trend represents a unique opportunity for manufacturers to position themselves as leaders in the evolving automotive landscape.

Threats

The spark plug and glow plug market faces several threats that could impact growth prospects in the coming years. One of the primary challenges is the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, which do not require traditional spark plugs or glow plugs. As the automotive industry shifts towards electric powertrains, there is a risk of declining demand for conventional ignition components. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological advancements may lead to shorter product life cycles and increased competition among manufacturers, necessitating continual innovation and investment. Additionally, fluctuations in raw material prices can pose challenges to manufacturers, affecting profitability and pricing strategies.

Another significant threat to the market is the ongoing trend of consolidation within the automotive industry, which could result in reduced demand for aftermarket components. As larger automakers gain market share and control over supply chains, they may prioritize in-house production of ignition components, limiting opportunities for independent manufacturers. Furthermore, the rising competition from unbranded and low-cost products in the aftermarket can exert downward pressure on prices, potentially affecting the overall market dynamics. Manufacturers must adapt their strategies to navigate these challenges effectively and maintain competitiveness in an evolving industry landscape.

Competitor Outlook

• Denso Corporation
• NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
• Bosch Automotive
• ACDelco
• Champion Brands, LLC
• Autolite
• Federal-Mogul Motorparts
• Magneti Marelli S.p.A.
• Valeo S.A.
• Delphi Technologies
• Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA
• Woco Group
• Brisk
• Echlin
• Sealed Power

The competitive landscape of the spark plug and glow plug market is characterized by the presence of several key players that dominate the industry with their innovative products and strong brand recognition. Leading companies such as Denso, NGK, and Bosch have established themselves as frontrunners, continuously investing in research and development to create high-performance ignition technologies. These organizations leverage their technological expertise to meet stringent quality standards set forth by the automotive industry. Additionally, the competition is further intensified by the presence of numerous regional and local manufacturers who cater to specific market segments, often focusing on cost-effective solutions for consumers.

Major competitors are increasingly focusing on strategic collaborations and partnerships to expand their market presence. For instance, collaborations with automobile manufacturers for OEM supply agreements allow these companies to secure long-term contracts, providing a steady revenue stream. Furthermore, companies are diversifying their product portfolios to include advanced ignition systems tailored for hybrid and electric vehicles, thereby positioning themselves to capture emerging market segments. The emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly technologies is driving innovation, prompting manufacturers to develop spark plugs and glow plugs that meet evolving environmental regulations. This competitive environment necessitates that firms remain agile and responsive to industry trends to maintain their market share.

Among the notable companies in the market, Denso Corporation stands out for its technological leadership and commitment to quality. With a robust product portfolio that includes a wide range of spark plugs and glow plugs, Denso focuses on innovation to enhance vehicle performance and efficiency. Similarly, NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. is renowned for its advanced ceramic technologies and extensive research efforts, making it a popular choice among automotive manufacturers. Bosch Automotive, another key player, is recognized for its high-quality ignition products that meet the demands of various engine types. These companies, along with other notable competitors, are actively shaping the direction of the spark plug and glow plug market and will continue to play a crucial role in its future growth.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Brisk
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Echlin
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 ACDelco
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Autolite
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Valeo S.A.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Woco Group
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Sealed Power
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Bosch Automotive
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Denso Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Delphi Technologies
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Champion Brands, LLC
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Magneti Marelli S.p.A.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Federal-Mogul Motorparts
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Spark Plug and Glow Plug Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Automotive
    • 6.1.2 Aerospace
    • 6.1.3 Industrial
    • 6.1.4 Marine
    • 6.1.5 Power Generation
  • 6.2 Spark Plug and Glow Plug Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Hot Spark Plugs
    • 6.2.2 Cold Spark Plugs
    • 6.2.3 Metal Glow Plugs
    • 6.2.4 Ceramic Glow Plugs
    • 6.2.5 Rapid Glow Plugs
  • 6.3 Spark Plug and Glow Plug Market, By Electrode Material
    • 6.3.1 Copper
    • 6.3.2 Platinum
    • 6.3.3 Iridium
    • 6.3.4 Nickel
    • 6.3.5 Silver

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Spark Plug and Glow Plug Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Spark Plug and Glow Plug market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Hot Spark Plugs
• Cold Spark Plugs
• Metal Glow Plugs
• Ceramic Glow Plugs
• Rapid Glow Plugs

By Application

• Automotive
• Aerospace
• Industrial
• Marine
• Power Generation

By Electrode Material

• Copper
• Platinum
• Iridium
• Nickel
• Silver

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Denso Corporation
• NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
• Bosch Automotive
• ACDelco
• Champion Brands, LLC
• Autolite
• Federal-Mogul Motorparts
• Magneti Marelli S.p.A.
• Valeo S.A.
• Delphi Technologies
• Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA
• Woco Group
• Brisk
• Echlin
• Sealed Power