Sciatica Treatment

Sciatica Treatment Market Outlook

The global sciatica treatment market is anticipated to reach a valuation of approximately USD 6.9 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The rising prevalence of conditions associated with sciatica, such as herniated discs and spinal stenosis, alongside increasing awareness about physical therapy, are principal factors driving market growth. Additionally, the aging population, which is more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders, and advancements in treatment technologies significantly contribute to the market's expansion. Furthermore, the growing trend toward minimally invasive treatment procedures over traditional surgical methods is expected to bolster the market. Increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, especially in developing regions, will also enhance access to sciatica treatments and further propel market growth.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors are contributing to the growth of the sciatica treatment market. The increasing incidence of sciatica due to sedentary lifestyles and rising obesity rates has led to a higher demand for effective treatment options. Additionally, the growth in the geriatric population, which is more prone to spinal and nerve-related issues, acts as another significant growth driver. Technological advancements in treatment methodologies, including the development of advanced analgesics and minimally invasive surgical techniques, have improved treatment outcomes and attracted more patients seeking relief from sciatica pain. The increased focus on rehabilitation and physical therapy as a means of managing chronic pain has further stimulated demand for these services. Public health campaigns raising awareness about sciatica and its treatment options are also enhancing market visibility and driving growth. Moreover, the expansion of telehealth services provides easier access to medical consultations and treatment plans, greatly influencing patient management and adherence to treatment protocols.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The sciatica treatment market is projected to reach USD 6.9 billion by 2035.
• North America holds the largest market share, driven by advanced healthcare facilities and high patient awareness.
• Medication is the leading treatment type, with an increasing focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Physical therapy is emerging as a popular choice among patients preferring non-invasive treatment options.
• The rise of telemedicine is transforming patient access to treatment and follow-up services.

By Treatment Type

Medication:

Medication remains the most widely used treatment option for sciatica, primarily due to its availability and immediate pain relief. The category includes various pharmaceutical products such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and opioids for severe pain management. NSAIDs are commonly prescribed because they effectively reduce inflammation and alleviate pain without the need for invasive procedures. However, there is a growing concern about the long-term use of opioids due to their addictive nature, which has led to an increase in regulatory scrutiny. This has prompted healthcare providers to explore alternative medications and natural supplements, thus diversifying the treatment landscape within this segment. Overall, the medication segment is expected to maintain a significant share of the market, as it remains the first line of defense against sciatica pain.

Physical Therapy:

Physical therapy has gained prominence in the sciatica treatment market as a holistic approach to manage pain and restore function. This treatment method focuses on strengthening exercises, manual therapy, and education about body mechanics and ergonomics to prevent future episodes of sciatica. With a shift towards non-invasive treatment options, patients are increasingly opting for physical therapy, especially those who wish to avoid surgery. The physical therapy segment is supported by growing evidence of its effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and reducing reliance on medications. Additionally, advancements in physical therapy techniques and the incorporation of technology, such as teletherapy, have made these services more accessible and appealing to patients. Consequently, this segment is experiencing robust growth as healthcare providers emphasize personalized rehabilitation protocols.

Surgery:

Surgery is typically considered a last resort for patients with severe sciatica pain that does not respond to conservative treatments. Surgical options for sciatica may include discectomy, laminectomy, or spinal fusion, depending on the underlying cause. While surgical procedures can provide significant relief, they come with inherent risks and longer recovery times compared to other treatment methods. The surgical segment has seen a gradual decline in patient volume as more individuals opt for non-invasive treatments. However, certain advancements, such as minimally invasive techniques, are starting to rejuvenate interest in surgical options. Furthermore, the increasing number of skilled surgeons and enhanced surgical technologies are expected to contribute to moderate growth in this segment over the forecast period.

Chiropractic Care:

Chiropractic care has emerged as a popular alternative treatment option for sciatica, focusing on spinal manipulation and adjustments to alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve. This therapeutic approach aims to restore alignment to the spine, thus promoting natural healing and reducing pain. Patients often seek chiropractic care for its non-invasive nature and the holistic approach practitioners take in addressing their pain. The segment has witnessed growing acceptance among patients seeking alternative treatment options, particularly among those wary of surgical interventions or long-term medication use. Additionally, the integration of chiropractic care into multidisciplinary treatment plans is further solidifying its place within the sciatica treatment market.

Acupuncture:

Acupuncture is an ancient practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific body points to relieve pain and promote healing. Increasingly popular as a complementary treatment for sciatica, acupuncture is perceived by many patients as a safe and effective method to manage pain without the side effects associated with medications. Research has indicated its effectiveness in reducing sciatica pain and improving mobility, contributing to its growth within the market. As more healthcare providers become open to integrative therapy approaches, acupuncture's acceptance and utilization are expected to rise, offering patients a broader range of options for managing their condition.

By End User

Hospitals:

Hospitals are one of the primary end-users in the sciatica treatment market, providing comprehensive treatment options, including emergency care, surgical interventions, and pain management services. The presence of specialized departments, such as orthopedics and neurology, enables hospitals to effectively address the complex needs of sciatica patients. They offer a wide range of services, from initial diagnosis to rehabilitation, ensuring a continuum of care that is critical for optimal patient outcomes. The ongoing technological advancements and the strategic partnerships that hospitals are forming with rehabilitation centers further enhance their service offerings, which will continue to drive growth within this segment.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics focused on pain management and rehabilitation have become increasingly popular as patients seek targeted treatment for sciatica. These clinics often employ a multidisciplinary approach, combining various treatment modalities such as physical therapy, chiropractic care, and medication management tailored to individual needs. The specialized nature of these clinics allows for more personalized care, which is increasingly desired by patients suffering from chronic pain. Furthermore, as awareness of these specialized clinics grows among healthcare providers and patients, their role in the sciatica treatment landscape is expected to expand, fostering market growth.

Rehabilitation Centers:

Rehabilitation centers play a critical role in the sciatica treatment market, particularly for patients recovering from surgery or those requiring intensive physical therapy. These centers provide a structured environment designed to facilitate recovery through specialized programs that address movement, strength, and functionality. The emphasis on rehabilitation is gaining traction as healthcare providers recognize the importance of post-treatment support in achieving long-term pain relief and preventing recurrence. As the demand for rehabilitation services grows, these centers are likely to see an increase in patient volume, contributing to the overall market expansion.

Homecare Settings:

Homecare settings are becoming an increasingly viable option for sciatica treatment, especially for patients who prefer to receive care in the comfort of their homes. The rise of telehealth services has made it possible for healthcare providers to offer remote consultations, assessments, and treatment plans that cater to individual patient needs. Homecare services may include physical therapy, pain management, and education on exercises to alleviate sciatica symptoms. The convenience and personalized approach of homecare settings are appealing to many patients, particularly the elderly, thus fostering growth in this segment as the market adapts to changing patient preferences.

By Mode of Administration

Oral:

Oral administration is one of the most common methods for delivering medications in the sciatica treatment market. This mode includes tablets, capsules, and liquid formulations, primarily consisting of NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and other pain relief medications. The convenience and ease of use associated with oral medications make them a preferred choice among both patients and healthcare providers. Furthermore, ongoing advancements in drug formulations, such as extended-release products, are enhancing the effectiveness of oral treatments. However, the limitations related to gastrointestinal side effects and the need for careful monitoring in long-term use challenge the segment's growth. Overall, the oral administration segment continues to dominate the market due to its widespread acceptance and accessibility.

Injectable:

Injectable treatments are increasingly recognized for their effectiveness in managing sciatica pain, particularly in cases where oral medications are insufficient. This mode includes corticosteroid injections, nerve blocks, and other injectable pain relief options. Injectable treatments provide localized pain relief, allowing patients to experience significant symptom reduction within a short time frame. As the focus on minimally invasive procedures grows, the demand for injectable treatments is expected to rise. Moreover, advancements in injection techniques and the introduction of new products are anticipated to further enhance the appeal of this treatment modality within the sciatica market.

Topical:

Topical treatments, including creams, gels, and patches, offer a localized approach to managing sciatica pain and are gaining traction due to their ease of use and reduced systemic side effects. These formulations typically contain analgesics or anti-inflammatory agents designed to penetrate the skin and provide relief directly at the site of pain. The growing preference for non-invasive treatments and the increasing availability of over-the-counter topical products are expected to boost market demand in this segment. Additionally, the rise of natural and herbal topical formulations has attracted a broader range of patients seeking alternative pain management options, thereby expanding the overall market for topical treatments.

By Cause

Herniated Disc:

The herniated disc is one of the most common causes of sciatica, resulting from the displacement of the gel-like disc material that can press against the sciatic nerve. This condition often leads to severe pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected leg. As the population ages and lifestyles become increasingly sedentary, the prevalence of herniated discs is likely to increase, thus driving the demand for effective treatment options. The herniated disc segment is anticipated to remain a significant contributor to the overall sciatica treatment market, as healthcare providers continually develop and refine treatment protocols tailored to this specific condition.

Spinal Stenosis:

Spinal stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the spaces within the spine, which can exert pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, including the sciatic nerve. This condition is prevalent among older adults and is a significant driver of sciatica cases. The increasing awareness of spinal stenosis and its association with chronic pain has led to a growing demand for treatments targeting this condition. Physical therapy, pain management, and surgical interventions are frequently employed to alleviate pain and restore mobility in affected patients. As the geriatric population continues to grow, the spinal stenosis segment is poised for substantial growth within the sciatica treatment market.

Piriformis Syndrome:

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular condition where the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve, leading to pain and discomfort in the buttock and down the leg. While less common than herniated discs or spinal stenosis, awareness of piriformis syndrome is on the rise, and its treatment is becoming increasingly relevant. Treatment options typically include physical therapy, stretching exercises, and in some cases, surgical intervention. The growing recognition of this condition and its potential impact on sciatica symptoms is expected to drive demand for targeted treatments in this segment.

Trauma:

Traumatic injuries, such as those resulting from accidents or falls, can lead to sciatica symptoms by damaging the sciatic nerve or the structures surrounding it. The treatment of sciatica resulting from trauma often requires a comprehensive approach, including pain management, physical rehabilitation, and sometimes surgical intervention. As awareness of the need for effective trauma care increases, particularly in high-risk populations, the segment is likely to see growth. Additionally, the integration of preventive measures into trauma care can help mitigate the long-term impact of such injuries, further enhancing the demand for effective sciatica treatment options.

Pregnancy:

Pregnancy can be a contributing factor to sciatica pain due to the increased weight and hormonal changes affecting the spine and surrounding structures. Many expectant mothers experience sciatica symptoms during pregnancy, leading to an increased demand for safe and effective treatments. Non-invasive options, such as physical therapy and acupuncture, are often preferred during this time, as pregnant women seek to avoid medications that could affect their health or that of their unborn child. As awareness of sciatica related to pregnancy grows, healthcare providers are likely to develop tailored treatment plans, thus expanding the market for sciatica treatments in this segment.

By Region

The North America region holds a commanding position in the sciatica treatment market, attributed to the advanced healthcare infrastructure, high levels of patient awareness, and robust reimbursement frameworks. With an estimated market share of approximately 40%, the region is supported by leading healthcare providers and research institutions that are driving innovation in treatment options. The presence of a large elderly population, coupled with a high incidence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles, further elevates the demand for effective sciatica treatments. The growth rate for the North American market is anticipated to be approximately 7.2% CAGR, reflecting the continued investment in healthcare and emphasis on quality patient care.

Europe stands as the second largest region in the sciatica treatment market, accounting for around 30% of the global share. The growth in Europe is fueled by an increasing prevalence of chronic pain conditions and rising healthcare expenditures. Furthermore, the emphasis on non-invasive treatment options and a growing number of specialty clinics focused on pain management are shaping the market landscape. Countries such as Germany, the UK, and France are at the forefront of treatment advancements, contributing to the overall growth of the sciatica treatment market in the region. As patient awareness continues to rise, the European market is expected to follow a steady growth trajectory over the forecast period.

Opportunities

The sciatica treatment market is poised to leverage numerous opportunities in the coming years. A key opportunity lies in the ongoing advancements in telemedicine, which have revolutionized patient access to healthcare services, particularly for those seeking pain management solutions. The integration of technology into patient care allows for remote consultations, personalized treatment plans, and effective monitoring of patient progress, thus improving adherence to treatment protocols. As healthcare systems increasingly adopt digital solutions, the market can expect a surge in demand for remote management of sciatica, benefiting patients who may have previously faced barriers in accessing care. Moreover, the growing trend toward preventive care and wellness-focused initiatives presents an opportunity for the development of programs aimed at educating patients on lifestyle modifications, exercise regimens, and ergonomic practices that can help mitigate the onset of sciatica.

Another significant opportunity for market players lies in the expansion of product offerings tailored to meet the diverse needs of patients. With an increasing focus on personalized medicine, there is potential for the development of targeted treatment solutions that consider individual patient characteristics, including age, underlying health conditions, and preferences for non-invasive approaches. Additionally, the market can benefit from the exploration of new therapies and technologies, such as regenerative medicine and robotics in rehabilitation, which promise to enhance patient outcomes and reduce recovery times. As healthcare providers continue to evolve their practices to address the complexities of sciatica, the opportunities for innovation and collaboration within the sciatica treatment market will only grow.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects of the sciatica treatment market, several threats could hinder its progress. One major concern is the increasing regulatory scrutiny surrounding pain management, particularly with opioid prescriptions due to the opioid crisis. This heightened regulation may lead to restricted access to certain medications, forcing healthcare providers to seek alternative treatments that may not be as effective for all patients. Moreover, the growing prevalence of counterfeit and substandard medications in the market presents a significant risk, as patients may inadvertently consume these products, leading to poor health outcomes and diminished trust in treatment options. Healthcare providers will need to navigate these challenges carefully to maintain patient safety and ensure effective care delivery.

Additionally, intense competition within the sciatica treatment market may pose challenges for smaller players trying to establish their presence. With numerous companies offering a wide range of treatment options, market saturation could lead to pricing pressures and reduced profitability for certain providers. Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological advancements necessitates continuous investment in research and development; failure to keep pace with these innovations may render certain treatment options obsolete. Companies must remain agile in their approach, constantly assessing market dynamics and adapting their strategies to stay competitive. Overall, while the sciatica treatment market holds significant potential, addressing these threats will be crucial for sustained growth.

Competitor Outlook

• Pfizer Inc.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Johnson & Johnson
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Amgen Inc.
• Medtronic plc
• Cerner Corporation
• HCA Healthcare, Inc.
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• AmerisourceBergen Corporation
• CVS Health Corporation
• Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
• Novartis AG
• AstraZeneca plc
• GlaxoSmithKline plc

The competitive landscape of the sciatica treatment market is characterized by a diverse range of participants, including pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, and healthcare service providers. Established firms are continuously investing in research and development to innovate and enhance their product offerings, while new entrants aim to capture market share by providing specialized services tailored to the needs of sciatica patients. The increasing focus on personalized medicine and patient-centered care is driving companies to develop treatment protocols that not only address pain relief but also consider the holistic well-being of patients. As competition intensifies, collaboration among healthcare providers, technology companies, and research institutions is expected to foster innovation and improve treatment outcomes.

Among the key players in the sciatica treatment market, Pfizer Inc. is notable for its extensive portfolio of pain management medications, including NSAIDs and muscle relaxants. The company's strong research capabilities and commitment to addressing the opioid crisis have positioned it as a leader in developing safer alternatives for pain relief. Additionally, Medtronic plc is recognized for its advanced medical devices and minimally invasive surgical techniques, which are transforming the treatment landscape for sciatica patients. The company's focus on enhancing surgical outcomes and patient recovery experiences has made it a key player in the market, particularly in surgical interventions.

Another significant competitor is AbbVie Inc., known for its innovative approaches to pain management and commitment to patient safety. The company's research efforts in the area of biologic therapies and regenerative medicine are expected to yield promising treatments for sciatica in the future. Furthermore, HCA Healthcare, Inc. plays a critical role in the competitive landscape as a provider of healthcare services, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive patient care and rehabilitation in the management of sciatica. By integrating surgical, therapeutic, and rehabilitative services, HCA Healthcare has positioned itself as a leader in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 AbbVie Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Novartis AG
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Pfizer Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Medtronic plc
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 AstraZeneca plc
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Johnson & Johnson
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Cerner Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 GlaxoSmithKline plc
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 HCA Healthcare, Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 CVS Health Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 AmerisourceBergen Corporation
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Boston Scientific Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Sciatica Treatment Market, By Cause
    • 6.1.1 Herniated Disc
    • 6.1.2 Spinal Stenosis
    • 6.1.3 Piriformis Syndrome
    • 6.1.4 Trauma
    • 6.1.5 Pregnancy
  • 6.2 Sciatica Treatment Market, By End User
    • 6.2.1 Hospitals
    • 6.2.2 Specialty Clinics
    • 6.2.3 Rehabilitation Centers
    • 6.2.4 Homecare Settings
  • 6.3 Sciatica Treatment Market, By Treatment Type
    • 6.3.1 Medication
    • 6.3.2 Physical Therapy
    • 6.3.3 Surgery
    • 6.3.4 Chiropractic Care
    • 6.3.5 Acupuncture
  • 6.4 Sciatica Treatment Market, By Mode of Administration
    • 6.4.1 Oral
    • 6.4.2 Injectable
    • 6.4.3 Topical

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Sciatica Treatment Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Sciatica Treatment market is categorized based on

By Treatment Type

• Medication
• Physical Therapy
• Surgery
• Chiropractic Care
• Acupuncture

By End User

• Hospitals
• Specialty Clinics
• Rehabilitation Centers
• Homecare Settings

By Mode of Administration

• Oral
• Injectable
• Topical

By Cause

• Herniated Disc
• Spinal Stenosis
• Piriformis Syndrome
• Trauma
• Pregnancy

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Pfizer Inc.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Johnson & Johnson
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Amgen Inc.
• Medtronic plc
• Cerner Corporation
• HCA Healthcare, Inc.
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• AmerisourceBergen Corporation
• CVS Health Corporation
• Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
• Novartis AG
• AstraZeneca plc
• GlaxoSmithKline plc