Phenobarbital

Pheobarbital Market Outlook

The global Phenobarbital market is expected to reach approximately USD 1.2 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of about 4.5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, where Phenobarbital is widely utilized as a first-line treatment option. Additionally, the rise in mental health issues, including anxiety and insomnia, has resulted in a heightened need for effective therapeutic agents. The shift towards online pharmacies and telemedicine is further facilitating access to Phenobarbital, making it more readily available to patients globally. These factors, combined with ongoing research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, are expected to contribute positively to the market's expansion.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the Phenobarbital market can be attributed to several interrelated factors. Firstly, the increasing incidence of epilepsy and other neurological disorders globally has driven demand for effective anticonvulsant medications. Moreover, as awareness surrounding mental health issues rises, more patients are seeking treatment for insomnia and anxiety, for which Phenobarbital is often prescribed. The aging population, prone to various health conditions, is also a significant driver of market growth as older individuals require more medications for managing chronic diseases. Secondly, advancements in drug formulations and delivery methods have enhanced the efficacy and safety profile of Phenobarbital, making it a preferred choice among healthcare providers. Finally, a growing trend of self-medication and the convenience of online pharmacies have further stimulated market growth, enabling patients to access their medications without barriers.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global Phenobarbital market is projected to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2033.
• CAGR of approximately 4.5% from 2025 to 2033, driven by increased demand in treating neurological disorders.
• Rising mental health issues leading to higher prescriptions for insomnia and anxiety therapies.
• Growing adoption of online pharmacies for better accessibility of medications.
• Advancements in medication formulations enhancing the safety and efficacy of Phenobarbital.

By Product Type

Tablets:

Tablets are one of the most widely utilized forms of Phenobarbital, favored for their convenience and accurate dosing. They are particularly prevalent in both outpatient and inpatient settings due to their ease of administration and storage. The flexibility in dosages and the ability to manufacture them in various strengths cater to a diverse patient population, making tablets a popular choice for long-term treatment of conditions like epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Their shelf stability and the availability of generics contribute to cost-effectiveness, which is a significant consideration for both patients and healthcare systems alike. Moreover, the preference for oral medications over injectable forms due to ease of use further enhances the market share of tablets in the Phenobarbital segment.

Capsules:

Capsules represent another prominent product type within the Phenobarbital market, appealing to patients who may have difficulty swallowing tablets. The gelatinous casing allows for a smoother ingestion experience and can mask the unpleasant taste of the medication, which is particularly beneficial for pediatric and geriatric populations. Capsules often provide a controlled release of the medication, improving the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient and potentially minimizing side effects. Additionally, the growing trend towards alternative dosage forms that offer patient-centric benefits is likely to bolster the capsule segment's growth in the coming years.

Injections:

Injectable forms of Phenobarbital are primarily utilized in hospital settings, especially for acute seizure management in emergency scenarios. The rapid onset of action and higher bioavailability of injectables make them a critical option for patients who cannot take oral medications. Injections are also essential for patients undergoing certain medical procedures where immediate control of seizures is necessary. Despite their lower market share compared to oral forms, the requirement for injectable Phenobarbital in critical care settings underscores its importance within the overall market landscape.

Syrups:

Syrups are particularly beneficial for pediatric patients who may have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms. The liquid formulation allows for flexible dosing and easier administration, which can enhance adherence to treatment protocols. Syrups can also be flavored, making them more palatable for children, thus encouraging compliance in young patients. The rising awareness regarding pediatric epilepsy and the need for effective management strategies are likely to increase the demand for syrup formulations, contributing positively to the growth of this segment.

Suppositories:

Suppositories serve as an alternative for patients who experience nausea or vomiting, making oral administration challenging. This form allows for effective drug absorption through the rectal mucosa, providing rapid relief for patients during acute seizure episodes. While suppositories currently hold a smaller market share compared to other forms, their specialized use cases and the increasing awareness of alternative delivery methods could stimulate this segment's growth in niche markets, such as palliative care and home healthcare settings.

By Application

Epilepsy:

Epilepsy remains one of the primary applications of Phenobarbital, as it has long been a cornerstone treatment for managing seizure disorders. Its efficacy in controlling both partial and generalized seizures has made it a first-line option for many clinicians. The broad-spectrum anticonvulsant properties coupled with a well-established safety profile have solidified its position in epilepsy management. As the incidence of epilepsy continues to rise globally, fueled by factors such as genetic predispositions and environmental triggers, the market for Phenobarbital in this application is expected to witness significant growth over the forecast period.

Insomnia:

The application of Phenobarbital in treating insomnia is gaining traction, particularly as mental health awareness increases. The sedative-hypnotic properties of Phenobarbital make it effective for patients struggling with sleep disorders. As healthcare providers increasingly recognize the importance of sleep in overall health, the demand for effective insomnia treatments is growing, positioning Phenobarbital as a viable option. However, the use of Phenobarbital for insomnia is also met with scrutiny due to concerns about addiction and tolerance, leading to a careful assessment of patient profiles before prescribing, thereby impacting its application within this segment.

Anxiety:

Phenobarbital's role in managing anxiety disorders is noteworthy, as it can provide rapid relief for patients experiencing acute anxiety episodes. While typically not the first line of treatment, it serves as an important adjunct in certain cases where rapid sedation is warranted. The increasing recognition of mental health issues has led to a greater appreciation for the role of medications like Phenobarbital in treatment regimens, particularly in emergency settings. As more patients seek help for anxiety, there may be a corresponding rise in the prescription of Phenobarbital, albeit cautiously to mitigate potential side effects associated with long-term use.

Seizures:

In addition to epilepsy, Phenobarbital is extensively used for managing seizures resulting from various etiologies, including head trauma and metabolic disturbances. It remains an important therapeutic option in both acute and chronic settings, providing quick control over seizure activity. The clear need for effective management of seizures in emergency medicine and critical care further solidifies the demand for Phenobarbital, ensuring its continued relevance in the therapeutic landscape.

Alcohol Withdrawal:

Phenobarbital is also employed in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which can present with severe symptoms that require immediate intervention. Its long-acting properties allow for controlled tapering of benzodiazepines and can help prevent complications associated with withdrawal. The rising concern over alcohol abuse and dependence has led healthcare providers to seek effective pharmacological solutions, expanding the application of Phenobarbital in this area. The combination of pharmacotherapy and supportive care for individuals undergoing alcohol withdrawal treatment is paramount, positioning Phenobarbital as a key player in this segment.

By Distribution Channel

Hospital Pharmacies:

Hospital pharmacies are a critical distribution channel for Phenobarbital, particularly for patients receiving acute care. The presence of healthcare professionals ensures that medications are dispensed according to institutional protocols and patient needs, thereby enhancing safety and compliance. Hospitals typically stock Phenobarbital in various forms to accommodate diverse patient situations, ranging from emergency treatments to routine management of chronic conditions. As hospitals increasingly focus on improving patient outcomes through comprehensive medication management, the reliance on hospital pharmacies for Phenobarbital is expected to remain significant.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies serve as a vital access point for patients seeking Phenobarbital prescriptions for chronic conditions. The convenience of local pharmacies, combined with the personal interaction with pharmacists, aids in medication counseling and adherence monitoring. With the growing demand for outpatient treatments, retail pharmacies are adapting to meet patient needs by ensuring that Phenobarbital is readily available. Additionally, competitive pricing and patient assistance programs offered by retail pharmacies can help mitigate financial barriers, further driving the demand for Phenobarbital through this channel.

Online Pharmacies:

The emergence of online pharmacies has revolutionized the way patients access their medications, including Phenobarbital. The convenience of home delivery, combined with the ability to compare prices and access prescription medications without the need for in-person visits, has significantly influenced patient behavior. This shift towards digital healthcare has accelerated in recent years, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a notable increase in online pharmacy transactions. The growing consumer preference for e-commerce in the pharmaceutical sector is likely to boost the Phenobarbital market through online channels, providing greater accessibility for patients.

Drug Stores:

Drug stores play a crucial role in the distribution of Phenobarbital, often serving as a primary source for patients needing immediate access to their medications. These establishments typically stock a wide range of pharmaceutical products and often have dedicated staff to assist customers with their needs. The convenience of one-stop shopping for various healthcare products, including over-the-counter medications, enhances the value of drug stores as distribution points for Phenobarbital. Additionally, drug stores often participate in community health initiatives, further promoting awareness and accessibility of essential medications.

Wholesale Distributors:

Wholesale distributors are pivotal in the supply chain for Phenobarbital, facilitating the efficient delivery of medications to hospitals, pharmacies, and healthcare providers. By managing inventory and ensuring timely distribution, these entities play a crucial role in maintaining the availability of Phenobarbital across multiple channels. With the increasing demand for pharmaceuticals, wholesale distributors are leveraging technology and data analytics to optimize their operations and ensure that healthcare providers have access to necessary medications when needed. As the market continues to expand, the importance of wholesale distributors in the Phenobarbital market will remain significant.

By Ingredient Type

Phenobarbital Sodium:

Phenobarbital sodium is the most common form of Phenobarbital and is widely used in both oral and injectable preparations. Its sodium salt form enhances solubility, making it suitable for various dosage forms, including syrups and injections. This ingredient is essential for the anticonvulsant properties of the drug and is especially favored in hospital settings where rapid therapeutic action is necessary. The versatility of Phenobarbital sodium in addressing multiple conditions, such as seizures and anxiety, solidifies its position as a key ingredient in the market.

Phenobarbital Acid:

Phenobarbital acid, although less commonly used than its sodium counterpart, plays a role in certain formulations where specific pharmacokinetic properties are desired. Its application is primarily in research and development environments as pharmaceutical scientists explore new formulations or delivery mechanisms for improved patient outcomes. The niche use of Phenobarbital acid highlights the ongoing exploration of alternative ingredients that can enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects, thereby influencing future trends in the Phenobarbital market.

Phenobarbital Base:

As a fundamental ingredient in various formulations, Phenobarbital base serves as the active pharmaceutical ingredient in many oral medications. The base form is crucial for oral solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules, providing the necessary therapeutic effect for managing epilepsy and other related conditions. The stability and effectiveness of Phenobarbital base in different formulations contribute to its sustained demand in the market, ensuring that patients receive quality medications that meet their therapeutic needs.

Phenobarbital Elixir:

Phenobarbital elixir is a liquid formulation that offers an alternative for patients who prefer or require liquid medications due to swallowing difficulties. The elixir form allows for flexible dosing and enhances the palatability of the medication for patients, particularly children, which can improve adherence. Its use in outpatient settings is gaining traction as more healthcare providers recognize the value of accessible and patient-friendly dosage forms. The continued development of phenobarbital elixirs may play a significant role in expanding the market reach and catering to diverse patient populations.

Phenobarbital Powder:

Phenobarbital powder is typically used for compounding and in research settings. This ingredient allows pharmacists and researchers to create customized formulations tailored to specific patient needs or for investigational purposes. While the powdered form has a smaller commercial market compared to other formulations, its significance in pharmaceutical compounding and research underscores the diverse applications of Phenobarbital in both clinical and experimental contexts. The demand for powdered Phenobarbital may increase with ongoing advancements in personalized medicine.

By Region

North America is projected to dominate the Phenobarbital market, accounting for approximately 40% of the global market share by 2033. The region's well-established healthcare infrastructure, coupled with high awareness of neurological disorders, drives the demand for effective pharmaceutical solutions. The United States, in particular, plays a central role in this market, with a significant number of prescriptions for Phenobarbital as part of comprehensive treatment plans for epilepsy and other conditions. Additionally, increasing investments in research and development by pharmaceutical companies are expected to foster innovation and contribute to market growth in North America.

Europe is expected to follow closely, holding around 30% of the global market share, with a projected CAGR of 4.2% during the forecast period. The region's commitment to mental health awareness and the rising prevalence of epilepsy are key factors driving the demand for Phenobarbital. European countries are increasingly focusing on enhancing the accessibility and availability of essential medications, which will contribute to the growth of the Phenobarbital market. Additionally, regional initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and patient education are likely to bolster the market further.

Opportunities

The Phenobarbital market is poised for substantial growth opportunities as healthcare systems worldwide continue to evolve and adapt to the increasing prevalence of neurological and mental health disorders. The rising global incidence of epilepsy and other seizure-related conditions presents a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical companies to innovate and refine their product offerings. By investing in research and development, companies can explore new formulations, delivery methods, and adjunct therapies that enhance the efficacy and safety of Phenobarbital. Furthermore, the growing acceptance of telemedicine and online healthcare services opens new avenues for reaching patients who are in need of Phenobarbital therapy, particularly those who may face geographical or logistical barriers to traditional pharmacy access.

Moreover, collaborations and partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers can facilitate the creation of comprehensive treatment plans that incorporate Phenobarbital as part of multi-modal approaches to managing complex health issues. Additionally, educational initiatives aimed at both healthcare professionals and patients can raise awareness about the therapeutic benefits of Phenobarbital while addressing concerns related to side effects and dependency. This proactive approach can help foster a more favorable environment for the adoption of Phenobarbital in various therapeutic areas, ultimately contributing to market growth and improved patient outcomes.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the Phenobarbital market, several threats could hinder its growth trajectory. The increasing scrutiny on the safety profile of barbiturates, including Phenobarbital, poses a significant challenge for manufacturers. Concerns regarding potential addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms associated with long-term use may lead to stricter regulations and decreased prescribing by healthcare providers. Furthermore, the availability of alternative treatment options, such as newer anticonvulsants and anxiolytics, could divert patients away from Phenobarbital, reducing its market share. The rise in popularity of non-pharmacological interventions for conditions like anxiety and insomnia, such as cognitive-behavioral therapies and lifestyle modifications, may also pose a threat to the traditional market for Phenobarbital in these applications.

Additionally, potential supply chain disruptions, stemming from geopolitical tensions or global health crises, can impact the availability of Phenobarbital in various regions. These disruptions could lead to increased prices and reduced access for patients, particularly in lower-income countries. Manufacturers will need to remain vigilant and adaptable, implementing strategies to mitigate risks associated with supply chain vulnerabilities while responding proactively to regulatory changes that may emerge in the evolving healthcare landscape.

Competitor Outlook

• AbbVie Inc.
• GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) plc
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Anthem Biosciences
• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Amgen Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Roche Holding AG
• Novartis AG
• Bristol Myers Squibb Company
• Sanofi S.A.
• Mylan N.V. (now part of Viatris)
• Eisai Co., Ltd.

The competitive landscape of the Phenobarbital market is characterized by a mix of well-established multinational corporations and emerging biotechnology firms. Major players such as AbbVie Inc. and GSK are focusing on expanding their portfolios through innovation, acquiring smaller firms, and enhancing their distribution networks. These companies often leverage their extensive resources to invest in research and development, aiming to introduce new formulations and delivery mechanisms that address patient needs more effectively. Additionally, strategic partnerships with healthcare providers and academic institutions are becoming increasingly common, allowing these companies to remain at the forefront of clinical advancements in the field of neurological disorders.

Another significant player, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., has a strong presence in the generic pharmaceutical market, which allows it to offer cost-effective solutions for patients requiring Phenobarbital. This approach not only increases accessibility for patients but also strengthens Teva's competitive position within the market. Similarly, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. is focusing on expanding its product offerings to include a wide range of formulations catering to different patient populations, including pediatric and geriatric patients. This diversification strategy enhances Sun Pharma's market penetration and positions it as a key player in the Phenobarbital segment.

Emerging companies are also making strides in the Phenobarbital market, tapping into niche segments and developing innovative therapies that address unmet medical needs. These companies often focus on personalized medicine, leveraging advances in pharmacogenomics and biotechnology to create tailored treatment regimens. By collaborating with healthcare providers and academic institutions, these firms can gain valuable insights from clinical research, enabling them to develop targeted therapies that improve patient outcomes. As competition intensifies, the market is likely to witness an increased emphasis on product differentiation, regulatory compliance, and patient engagement strategies, paving the way for a dynamic and evolving Phenobarbital landscape.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 AbbVie Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Novartis AG
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Pfizer Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Sanofi S.A.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Eisai Co., Ltd.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Roche Holding AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Merck & Co., Inc.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Anthem Biosciences
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) plc
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Bristol Myers Squibb Company
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Mylan N.V. (now part of Viatris)
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Phenobarbital Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Epilepsy
    • 6.1.2 Insomnia
    • 6.1.3 Anxiety
    • 6.1.4 Seizures
    • 6.1.5 Alcohol Withdrawal
  • 6.2 Phenobarbital Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Tablets
    • 6.2.2 Capsules
    • 6.2.3 Injections
    • 6.2.4 Syrups
    • 6.2.5 Suppositories
  • 6.3 Phenobarbital Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Phenobarbital Sodium
    • 6.3.2 Phenobarbital Acid
    • 6.3.3 Phenobarbital Base
    • 6.3.4 Phenobarbital Elixir
    • 6.3.5 Phenobarbital Powder
  • 6.4 Phenobarbital Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospital Pharmacies
    • 6.4.2 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.4.3 Online Pharmacies
    • 6.4.4 Drug Stores
    • 6.4.5 Wholesale Distributors

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Phenobarbital Market by Region
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Phenobarbital market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Injections
• Syrups
• Suppositories

By Application

• Epilepsy
• Insomnia
• Anxiety
• Seizures
• Alcohol Withdrawal

By Distribution Channel

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies
• Drug Stores
• Wholesale Distributors

By Ingredient Type

• Phenobarbital Sodium
• Phenobarbital Acid
• Phenobarbital Base
• Phenobarbital Elixir
• Phenobarbital Powder

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• AbbVie Inc.
• GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) plc
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Anthem Biosciences
• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Amgen Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Roche Holding AG
• Novartis AG
• Bristol Myers Squibb Company
• Sanofi S.A.
• Mylan N.V. (now part of Viatris)
• Eisai Co., Ltd.