Manuka Oil Market Segments - by Product Type (Pure Manuka Oil, Manuka Oil Blends), Application (Skincare, Aromatherapy, Pharmaceuticals, Cleaning Products, Others), Distribution Channel (Online Stores, Specialty Stores, Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Others), Ingredient Type (100% Manuka Oil, Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils, Manuka Oil with Essential Oils, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035

Manuka Oil

Manuka Oil Market Segments - by Product Type (Pure Manuka Oil, Manuka Oil Blends), Application (Skincare, Aromatherapy, Pharmaceuticals, Cleaning Products, Others), Distribution Channel (Online Stores, Specialty Stores, Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Others), Ingredient Type (100% Manuka Oil, Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils, Manuka Oil with Essential Oils, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035

Manuka Oil Market Outlook

The global Manuka Oil market is projected to reach approximately USD 23.1 million by 2035, growing at a CAGR of around 8.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing awareness of the health benefits associated with Manuka oil, particularly its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. Additionally, the rising demand for natural and organic products in personal care and wellness applications further propels the market. The expanding use of Manuka oil in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and cleaning products is also contributing to its growth. Furthermore, the growing trend of aromatherapy and holistic health practices has increased the usage of Manuka oil as a therapeutic agent in various wellness applications.

Growth Factor of the Market

The Manuka Oil market is experiencing robust growth due to several key factors. First and foremost, the surge in consumer preference for natural and organic products in personal care and health supplements is elevating the demand for Manuka oil. This oil, derived from the Manuka tree native to New Zealand, is highly regarded for its unique therapeutic properties, which are becoming increasingly recognized in various wellness circles. The increasing incidences of skin-related problems and the growing popularity of aromatherapy have also led to an uptick in the consumption of Manuka oil, emphasizing its multifunctional benefits. Additionally, the expansion of e-commerce platforms has made it easier for consumers to access a wide range of Manuka oil products, thus broadening the market's reach. Lastly, ongoing research and development in the field of essential oils and their applications are likely to unveil new uses for Manuka oil, further driving market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market
  • The global Manuka Oil market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2025 to 2035.
  • Increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of Manuka oil is boosting demand.
  • Growing trends in the use of natural and organic products in various applications.
  • Rising popularity of aromatherapy and holistic wellness practices.
  • Expansion of online distribution channels enhancing product accessibility.

By Product Type

Pure Manuka Oil:

Pure Manuka Oil is regarded for its potent therapeutic properties and is extracted directly from the leaves and stems of the Manuka tree. It is favored in various applications, including skincare and aromatherapy, due to its natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The demand for pure Manuka oil is steadily increasing among consumers seeking holistic remedies and natural solutions for skin ailments such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Its efficacy in wound healing and as an antiseptic agent also contributes to its popularity, making it a preferred choice for many health-conscious individuals. As the awareness of the benefits of pure ingredients continues to grow, the segment is projected to witness significant growth over the forecast period.

Manuka Oil Blends:

Manuka Oil Blends comprise a combination of pure Manuka oil with other essential oils or carrier oils to create synergistic effects. This type of product is gaining traction in the market due to its versatility and enhanced benefits. By blending Manuka oil with other oils, manufacturers can target specific concerns such as relaxation, enhanced skin hydration, and improved respiratory health. The growing trend of tailored wellness solutions is driving the popularity of Manuka oil blends among consumers. Additionally, these blends are increasingly used in aromatherapy, skincare products, and massages, further boosting their market share. The unique properties of Manuka oil, when combined with other beneficial oils, create a product that appeals to a broader audience.

By Application

Skincare:

The skincare segment is one of the leading applications of Manuka oil, driven by its natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Manuka oil is increasingly used in various skincare formulations, including creams, serums, and ointments, aimed at treating acne, reducing redness, and promoting overall skin health. Its effectiveness in wound healing makes it a favored ingredient in products targeting blemishes, scars, and irritations. As consumers become more aware of the benefits of natural ingredients, the demand for Manuka oil in skincare is projected to grow significantly. Furthermore, the trend towards clean beauty products is encouraging manufacturers to incorporate Manuka oil into their offerings, enhancing its presence in the skincare market.

Aromatherapy:

Aromatherapy is another significant application of Manuka oil, as it is embraced for its calming and soothing effects. The oil is often used in diffusers and massage oils, providing a natural alternative for stress relief and promoting emotional well-being. The rising popularity of alternative therapies and holistic health practices has led to an increased demand for essential oils like Manuka oil in the aromatherapy market. Consumers are increasingly seeking products that offer a dual benefit of physical and emotional wellness, and Manuka oil fits this trend perfectly. As more individuals turn to natural methods for relaxation and mental clarity, the aromatherapy segment is anticipated to experience robust growth.

Pharmaceuticals:

In the pharmaceutical industry, Manuka oil is being recognized for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly as an antimicrobial agent. Its proven efficacy against various strains of bacteria makes it a valuable ingredient in topical formulations aimed at treating infections and promoting healing. The increasing focus on natural remedies and the rise of antibiotic resistance are driving pharmaceutical companies to explore the incorporation of Manuka oil into their products. As research continues to unveil the full spectrum of benefits associated with Manuka oil, its application in pharmaceuticals is expected to gain momentum. This trend is anticipated to significantly contribute to the overall growth of the Manuka oil market.

Cleaning Products:

The cleaning products segment is emerging as a promising application for Manuka oil, leveraging its antibacterial properties to offer a natural alternative to conventional cleaning solutions. With the growing awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic chemicals, consumers are increasingly gravitating towards eco-friendly cleaning products. Manuka oil is being incorporated into various household cleaning items, including sprays, wipes, and surface cleaners, providing not only effective cleaning but also pleasant aromas. As the trend for sustainable living continues to rise, the demand for cleaning products containing Manuka oil is expected to increase, contributing positively to the market.

Others:

Other applications of Manuka oil include its use in hair care products, wellness supplements, and as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. In hair care, Manuka oil is appreciated for its moisturizing and scalp-soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in shampoos and conditioners. Additionally, its potential health benefits are driving its incorporation into dietary supplements aimed at boosting immunity and overall well-being. The versatility of Manuka oil allows it to penetrate various segments, thereby broadening its market appeal. As consumers continue to seek out unique and effective products, the 'Others' category is likely to see substantial growth.

By Distribution Channel

Online Stores:

Online stores have become a vital distribution channel for Manuka oil products, offering convenience and ease of access to consumers. The proliferation of e-commerce platforms has made it effortless for consumers to explore a wide variety of Manuka oil products and brands from the comfort of their homes. Moreover, online retailers often provide extensive product information, customer reviews, and competitive pricing, further influencing purchasing decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift towards online shopping, and this trend is expected to continue as consumers appreciate the benefits of home delivery. As a result, the online distribution channel is projected to experience significant growth in the Manuka oil market.

Specialty Stores:

Specialty stores, particularly those focusing on natural and organic products, are crucial for the distribution of Manuka oil. These stores often educate consumers about the various benefits of Manuka oil and provide a curated selection of high-quality products. Customers seeking specific health and wellness solutions are drawn to specialty stores where knowledgeable staff can offer personalized recommendations. The increasing trend towards health-conscious living is driving more consumers to seek out specialty retailers for their Manuka oil needs. As awareness of natural remedies continues to rise, the specialty store segment is anticipated to grow, providing an essential channel for Manuka oil products.

Supermarkets/Hypermarkets:

Supermarkets and hypermarkets represent a traditional yet effective distribution channel for Manuka oil, particularly for consumers who prefer one-stop shopping experiences. These retail formats typically stock a range of health and wellness products, including Manuka oil, catering to the growing demand for natural ingredients in everyday products. The presence of Manuka oil in mainstream retail locations helps to elevate consumer awareness and acceptance of the product. Additionally, promotions and discounts offered by supermarkets can drive sales and encourage trial among new customers. As more consumers seek out natural options in their shopping lists, the contribution of supermarkets and hypermarkets to the Manuka oil market is expected to expand.

Others:

Other distribution channels for Manuka oil include health food stores, pharmacies, and direct sales through brand websites. Health food stores often target niche consumers who prioritize holistic wellness, making them a suitable platform for Manuka oil sales. Pharmacies provide a more clinical setting where consumers might seek advice on health-related products, thus positioning Manuka oil as a therapeutic solution. Direct sales through brand websites allow companies to establish close relationships with consumers, offering transparency and detailed information about their products. The diversification of distribution channels is crucial for the continued growth of the Manuka oil market, and each channel plays a unique role in reaching different demographics.

By Ingredient Type

100% Manuka Oil:

100% Manuka Oil is highly sought after for its purity and concentration of beneficial compounds. This type of oil is extracted directly from the leaves and flowers of the Manuka tree, ensuring that consumers receive the maximum therapeutic benefits associated with this remarkable natural product. The demand for 100% Manuka oil has surged as more consumers become aware of the importance of ingredient transparency and quality in personal care products. With its proven efficacy in treating various skin conditions and its use in holistic practices, this ingredient type is expected to experience robust growth in the coming years.

Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils:

Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils provides an ideal solution for those seeking a diluted form of the oil for safe topical application. Carrier oils, such as jojoba or coconut oil, help to lessen the potency of Manuka oil while maintaining its beneficial properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. This ingredient type is particularly popular in skincare formulations, where it is combined to enhance moisturizing effects and application ease. As consumers continue to prioritize skin health and safety, the market for Manuka oil blended with carrier oils is expected to witness significant growth, catering to a broader audience.

Manuka Oil with Essential Oils:

Manuka Oil with Essential Oils represents a growing segment where Manuka oil is combined with other essential oils to create synergistic blends. This type of product is particularly popular in aromatherapy and wellness applications, as it offers a multi-faceted approach to health benefits. By blending Manuka oil with essential oils like lavender or tea tree, manufacturers enhance the therapeutic effects, making them more appealing to consumers. The shifting trend towards personalized wellness solutions and the increasing popularity of essential oil use are expected to positively influence the growth of this ingredient type in the market.

Others:

The 'Others' category encompasses various formulations that may include additives, fragrances, or other natural ingredients combined with Manuka oil. These products aim to meet specific consumer needs or preferences, such as enhanced scents or targeted skin solutions. As the market for natural products evolves, the demand for unique blends that offer distinct advantages will likely expand. Companies are continually innovating and exploring new ingredient combinations to capture consumer interest, and this segment is expected to benefit from the growing trend of personalized and naturally derived products.

By Region

The Manuka Oil market exhibits regional variations with distinct growth patterns across different geographical areas. North America currently holds a significant share of the market, driven by increasing consumer awareness of natural wellness products and the growing trend of clean beauty. The U.S. and Canada are leading markets in this region, with a combined market worth estimated at USD 8.2 million as of 2023. The North America segment is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% through 2035, as more consumers seek out natural healthcare and skincare solutions. This growth is further bolstered by the expansion of online retail channels and specialty stores focusing on organic products.

In Europe, the Manuka Oil market is also witnessing substantial growth, with countries like the UK, Germany, and France leading the charge. The European market is expected to be worth around USD 6.5 million by 2035, supported by a strong preference for natural and sustainable products among consumers. As awareness of the benefits of Manuka oil increases and regulatory frameworks support the use of natural ingredients in health and beauty products, the European segment is projected to grow at a robust CAGR of 8.8% during the forecast period. Furthermore, growing interest in essential oils and holistic wellness practices in this region aligns well with the properties offered by Manuka oil.

Opportunities

As the Manuka Oil market continues to expand, numerous opportunities are emerging for businesses and stakeholders looking to capitalize on this trend. One of the most promising opportunities lies in the increasing consumer demand for natural and organic products. Consumers are becoming more conscious about the ingredients in their skincare and wellness products, leading to a significant shift towards natural alternatives. This trend provides a ripe opportunity for brands to develop innovative Manuka oil-based products that cater to this growing market segment. Additionally, exploring new applications for Manuka oil in diverse industries such as food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning products could unlock new revenue streams and broaden the overall market appeal.

Another notable opportunity is the expansion of e-commerce platforms and digital marketing strategies, which allow for a more extensive reach to potential customers. With the rise of online shopping, particularly post-pandemic, businesses have the chance to showcase their Manuka oil products to a global audience. Engaging marketing campaigns that highlight the unique benefits of Manuka oil and its applications can attract a considerable consumer base. Furthermore, collaborations with health and wellness influencers or participating in natural product expos could enhance brand visibility and consumer trust. Leveraging these opportunities could significantly contribute to the growth and sustainability of the Manuka Oil market in the coming years.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the Manuka Oil market, several threats could hinder its growth. One of the primary concerns is the potential for counterfeit products, which can undermine consumer confidence and trust in legitimate brands. The high market value of Manuka oil makes it an attractive target for counterfeiters, and the presence of substandard products can damage the reputation of authentic manufacturers. To combat this issue, companies must invest in quality assurance and transparent sourcing practices to ensure that consumers receive genuine products. Additionally, educating consumers about the importance of recognizing authentic Manuka oil can help mitigate the effects of counterfeit threats.

Another significant threat to the Manuka Oil market is the increasing competition from alternative essential oils that offer similar benefits. As the global market for natural oils expands, consumers have numerous options to choose from, which may dilute the unique appeal of Manuka oil. Brands must continually innovate and highlight the unique qualities and benefits of Manuka oil to maintain a competitive edge. Furthermore, fluctuations in supply due to environmental factors, such as climate change and agricultural practices, may affect the availability of Manuka oil. Companies must develop strategies to ensure a consistent supply and mitigate any potential disruptions, thereby securing their position in the market.

Competitor Outlook

  • Comvita Ltd.
  • Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd.
  • Kiva Health Food
  • TheraTree
  • Botanica Global Limited
  • New Zealand Pure
  • Natural Health Products
  • Airborne Health
  • Pure Essential Oils
  • Viva Manuka
  • Young Living Essential Oils
  • doTERRA International LLC
  • Olive & Co. Ltd.
  • Essential Living
  • Plant Therapy

The competitive landscape of the Manuka Oil market is characterized by a mix of established players and new entrants, all vying for market share in a rapidly growing field. Major companies are focusing on product innovation, quality assurance, and expanding their distribution channels to capture a larger audience. For instance, Comvita Ltd. is renowned for its commitment to high-quality Manuka oil products and has established a strong brand presence in the wellness and skincare sectors. With a robust distribution network and dedication to sustainable sourcing, Comvita is positioned as a leader in the market. Similarly, Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd. has made significant strides in branding and marketing, leveraging the unique properties of Manuka oil to appeal to health-conscious consumers.

Another company making waves in the market is Young Living Essential Oils, which has developed a diverse range of essential oil formulations, including those featuring Manuka oil. Their extensive product line and emphasis on purity resonate well with consumers seeking natural wellness solutions. Likewise, doTERRA International LLC is known for its high-quality essential oils and has incorporated Manuka oil into its offerings, catering to a growing audience that values holistic health practices. Additionally, companies like Kiva Health Food and TheraTree are gaining recognition for their innovative blends and formulations, appealing to niche markets looking for specific health benefits associated with Manuka oil.

As the market continues to evolve, smaller companies are also emerging, focusing on unique product offerings and leveraging online distribution channels to connect directly with consumers. Brands such as Botanica Global Limited and Natural Health Products are gaining traction by emphasizing quality and transparency in their sourcing and production processes. With the growing interest in natural products, the competition within the Manuka Oil market is expected to intensify. Companies will need to stay alert to consumer trends, invest in research and development, and adapt their strategies accordingly to maintain a competitive advantage in this dynamic environment.

  • 1 Appendix
    • 1.1 List of Tables
    • 1.2 List of Figures
  • 2 Introduction
    • 2.1 Market Definition
    • 2.2 Scope of the Report
    • 2.3 Study Assumptions
    • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
  • 3 Market Dynamics
    • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
    • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
    • 3.3 Innovation Trends
    • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
  • 4 Consumer Behavior
    • 4.1 Market Trends
    • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
    • 4.3 Buyer Insights
  • 5 Key Player Profiles
    • 5.1 TheraTree
      • 5.1.1 Business Overview
      • 5.1.2 Products & Services
      • 5.1.3 Financials
      • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.2 Viva Manuka
      • 5.2.1 Business Overview
      • 5.2.2 Products & Services
      • 5.2.3 Financials
      • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.3 Comvita Ltd.
      • 5.3.1 Business Overview
      • 5.3.2 Products & Services
      • 5.3.3 Financials
      • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.4 Plant Therapy
      • 5.4.1 Business Overview
      • 5.4.2 Products & Services
      • 5.4.3 Financials
      • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.5 Airborne Health
      • 5.5.1 Business Overview
      • 5.5.2 Products & Services
      • 5.5.3 Financials
      • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.6 Essential Living
      • 5.6.1 Business Overview
      • 5.6.2 Products & Services
      • 5.6.3 Financials
      • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.7 Kiva Health Food
      • 5.7.1 Business Overview
      • 5.7.2 Products & Services
      • 5.7.3 Financials
      • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.8 New Zealand Pure
      • 5.8.1 Business Overview
      • 5.8.2 Products & Services
      • 5.8.3 Financials
      • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.9 Olive & Co. Ltd.
      • 5.9.1 Business Overview
      • 5.9.2 Products & Services
      • 5.9.3 Financials
      • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.10 Pure Essential Oils
      • 5.10.1 Business Overview
      • 5.10.2 Products & Services
      • 5.10.3 Financials
      • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.11 Botanica Global Limited
      • 5.11.1 Business Overview
      • 5.11.2 Products & Services
      • 5.11.3 Financials
      • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.12 Natural Health Products
      • 5.12.1 Business Overview
      • 5.12.2 Products & Services
      • 5.12.3 Financials
      • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.13 doTERRA International LLC
      • 5.13.1 Business Overview
      • 5.13.2 Products & Services
      • 5.13.3 Financials
      • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.14 Young Living Essential Oils
      • 5.14.1 Business Overview
      • 5.14.2 Products & Services
      • 5.14.3 Financials
      • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.15 Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd.
      • 5.15.1 Business Overview
      • 5.15.2 Products & Services
      • 5.15.3 Financials
      • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 6 Market Segmentation
    • 6.1 Manuka Oil Market, By Application
      • 6.1.1 Skincare
      • 6.1.2 Aromatherapy
      • 6.1.3 Pharmaceuticals
      • 6.1.4 Cleaning Products
      • 6.1.5 Others
    • 6.2 Manuka Oil Market, By Product Type
      • 6.2.1 Pure Manuka Oil
      • 6.2.2 Manuka Oil Blends
    • 6.3 Manuka Oil Market, By Ingredient Type
      • 6.3.1 100% Manuka Oil
      • 6.3.2 Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils
      • 6.3.3 Manuka Oil with Essential Oils
      • 6.3.4 Others
    • 6.4 Manuka Oil Market, By Distribution Channel
      • 6.4.1 Online Stores
      • 6.4.2 Specialty Stores
      • 6.4.3 Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
      • 6.4.4 Others
  • 7 Competitive Analysis
    • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
    • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
    • 7.3 Investment Trends
    • 7.4 SWOT Analysis
  • 8 Research Methodology
    • 8.1 Analysis Design
    • 8.2 Research Phases
    • 8.3 Study Timeline
  • 9 Future Market Outlook
    • 9.1 Growth Forecast
    • 9.2 Market Evolution
  • 10 Geographical Overview
    • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
      • 10.1.1 By Country
        • 10.1.1.1 UK
        • 10.1.1.2 France
        • 10.1.1.3 Germany
        • 10.1.1.4 Spain
        • 10.1.1.5 Italy
    • 10.2 Manuka Oil Market by Region
    • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
      • 10.3.1 By Country
        • 10.3.1.1 India
        • 10.3.1.2 China
        • 10.3.1.3 Japan
        • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
    • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
      • 10.4.1 By Country
        • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
        • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
        • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
    • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
      • 10.5.1 By Country
        • 10.5.1.1 USA
        • 10.5.1.2 Canada
    • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
      • 10.6.1 By Country
        • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
        • 10.6.1.2 Africa
  • 11 Global Economic Factors
    • 11.1 Inflation Impact
    • 11.2 Trade Policies
  • 12 Technology & Innovation
    • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
    • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
    • 12.3 Patent Research
  • 13 Investment & Market Growth
    • 13.1 Funding Trends
    • 13.2 Future Market Projections
  • 14 Market Overview & Key Insights
    • 14.1 Executive Summary
    • 14.2 Key Trends
    • 14.3 Market Challenges
    • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global Manuka Oil market is categorized based on
By Product Type
  • Pure Manuka Oil
  • Manuka Oil Blends
By Application
  • Skincare
  • Aromatherapy
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Cleaning Products
  • Others
By Distribution Channel
  • Online Stores
  • Specialty Stores
  • Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
  • Others
By Ingredient Type
  • 100% Manuka Oil
  • Manuka Oil with Carrier Oils
  • Manuka Oil with Essential Oils
  • Others
By Region
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa
Key Players
  • Comvita Ltd.
  • Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd.
  • Kiva Health Food
  • TheraTree
  • Botanica Global Limited
  • New Zealand Pure
  • Natural Health Products
  • Airborne Health
  • Pure Essential Oils
  • Viva Manuka
  • Young Living Essential Oils
  • doTERRA International LLC
  • Olive & Co. Ltd.
  • Essential Living
  • Plant Therapy
  • Publish Date : Jan 20 ,2025
  • Report ID : AG-22
  • No. Of Pages : 100
  • Format : |
  • Ratings : 4.7 (99 Reviews)
Buy Report
What Our Client Say