Mandrel Bars

Mandrel Bars Market Outlook

The global mandrel bars market is projected to reach USD 1.5 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 5.2% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is primarily attributed to the increasing demand for precision-engineered components in various industries, including automotive and metalworking, where mandrel bars are vital in the manufacturing of pipe and tube products. Additionally, advancements in technology and manufacturing processes are enabling the production of high-quality mandrel bars that meet the stringent standards of different applications. The rise in construction activities globally, along with the expansion of the automotive sector in emerging economies, is further driving the market growth. Furthermore, a growing emphasis on lightweight materials, particularly in the automotive industry, is pushing manufacturers towards the adoption of aluminum and titanium mandrel bars, which are known for their strength and reduced weight.

Growth Factor of the Market

The mandrel bars market is experiencing significant growth, primarily due to several interconnected factors. One of the foremost drivers is the escalating demand from the automotive sector, which continuously seeks improved manufacturing techniques to produce more efficient and durable vehicles. The construction industry is also a critical contributor to this growth, as mandrel bars are increasingly used in the fabrication of structural components and infrastructure projects. Moreover, innovation in manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing and the adoption of computerized numerical control (CNC) machining, is enhancing the production capabilities and precision of mandrel bars. Another factor is the increasing awareness and regulations surrounding safety standards, which compel manufacturers to utilize high-quality materials, thereby driving the demand for advanced mandrel bars. Lastly, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are witnessing robust industrial growth, further propelling the demand for mandrel bars across various applications.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected growth to USD 1.5 billion by 2035, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.2% from 2025.
• Strong demand from the automotive and construction sectors driving market expansion.
• Technological advancements in manufacturing processes enhancing production efficiency.
• Increasing focus on lightweight materials boosting the adoption of aluminum and titanium mandrel bars.
• Emerging economies in Asia-Pacific and Latin America presenting lucrative growth opportunities.

By Product Type

Round Mandrel Bars:

Round mandrel bars are widely utilized across various manufacturing sectors due to their versatility and efficiency in producing cylindrical components. They allow for the creation of pipes, tubes, and hollow profiles, which are essential in numerous applications, particularly in automotive exhaust systems and plumbing. The high strength-to-weight ratio of round mandrel bars makes them ideal for situations requiring durable yet lightweight solutions. The increased automation in manufacturing, along with the growing demand for customized products, has led to an uptick in the use of round mandrel bars as they can be easily tailored to specific requirements, enhancing their market attractiveness.

Square Mandrel Bars:

Square mandrel bars are predominantly used in the construction and metalworking industries, where their geometric shape allows for easy handling and assembly. These bars offer excellent stability and support during the manufacturing process, especially in welding and fabrication applications. With the rise of modular construction concepts, square mandrel bars are increasingly favored for their compatibility with prefabricated structures. Their unique shape provides a larger surface area for welding, enhancing the strength and integrity of the overall structure. This growing trend in modular design and construction is expected to significantly contribute to the demand for square mandrel bars in the coming years.

Hexagonal Mandrel Bars:

Hexagonal mandrel bars are specialized products commonly used in applications requiring intricate designs and shapes. Their unique geometry allows for enhanced grip and secure fastening in assemblies, making them a preferred choice in automotive and machinery applications. The hexagonal shape also aids in reducing material waste during the manufacturing process, appealing to industries focused on sustainability. Furthermore, hexagonal mandrel bars are often used in the production of fasteners and other mechanical components, thus contributing to their steady demand in the market. As industries continue to prioritize efficiency and precision, the market for hexagonal mandrel bars is expected to witness growth.

Flat Mandrel Bars:

Flat mandrel bars are increasingly gaining traction in various applications, particularly in the construction and manufacturing industries. These bars provide exceptional surface area coverage, making them ideal for applications requiring a broad contact area, such as in structural supports and reinforcements. The flat shape facilitates easy stacking and transportation, adding to their logistical advantages. Furthermore, they are often used in the production of flat-rolled products, which are essential components in the automotive and machinery sectors. As the demand for flat products continues to rise, the flat mandrel bars segment is poised for significant growth in the coming years.

Other Shapes:

This category encompasses a variety of mandrel bar shapes designed for specific applications that do not conform to standard geometric forms. As industries evolve and require more tailored solutions, manufacturers are increasingly developing custom-shaped mandrel bars to meet unique specifications. These specialized shapes are often employed in niche markets, such as aerospace and defense, where precision and unique design are paramount. The demand for customized solutions is driving innovation and development in this segment, leading to a gradual increase in the market share of other-shaped mandrel bars.

By Application

Metalworking:

The metalworking industry is one of the primary applications for mandrel bars, given their critical role in the fabrication of metal components. In processes such as bending, shaping, and forming, mandrel bars provide the necessary support to ensure precision and quality in the final products. With the increasing complexity of modern metalworking projects, the demand for high-quality mandrel bars that can withstand rigorous manufacturing processes is on the rise. Moreover, advancements in metalworking technologies, including automation and robotics, are further driving the need for innovative mandrel bar solutions. As industries continue to embrace cutting-edge metalworking technologies, the mandrel bars utilized in this sector are expected to experience consistent demand.

Automotive:

The automotive sector is another significant application area for mandrel bars, where they are extensively used in the production of various components, including exhaust systems, chassis parts, and structural elements. The ongoing evolution of the automotive industry, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and lightweight materials, is driving manufacturers to utilize advanced mandrel bars that can offer both strength and reduced weight. Furthermore, the need for higher efficiency and fuel economy in vehicles is leading to the adoption of innovative manufacturing techniques that incorporate mandrel bars in their processes. Consequently, the automotive segment is likely to remain a key driver of growth in the mandrel bars market.

Construction:

In the construction industry, mandrel bars are vital for producing various structural components and reinforcements. With the global construction market expanding rapidly, particularly in emerging economies, the demand for durable and high-quality mandrel bars is expected to surge. These bars play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and safety of structures, which is paramount in construction projects. As urbanization continues to rise, along with a focus on sustainable building practices, the construction segment is poised for substantial growth in the use of mandrel bars, providing manufacturers with ample opportunities to capitalize on this trend.

Machinery:

Mandrel bars are also widely employed in machinery applications, where they serve as essential components in various manufacturing processes. Their ability to provide precision support during the machining of parts is critical for achieving high-quality output. With the increasing demand for automation and advanced manufacturing techniques, there's a growing need for reliable mandrel bars that can withstand the rigors of high-speed production environments. As machinery becomes more complex and performance-oriented, the requirement for specialized mandrel bars is expected to grow, reinforcing their importance in this segment of the market.

Others:

This category includes various applications where mandrel bars are used in specialized or niche sectors, such as aerospace, defense, and medical manufacturing. These applications often require unique specifications and high-performance materials, driving innovation and custom solutions in the mandrel bars market. As technology continues to advance, the need for precision-engineered mandrel bars in these sectors is likely to grow, providing manufacturers with opportunities to develop tailored products that meet stringent requirements. The diversification of applications is expected to support steady growth within the 'Others' segment.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales play a crucial role in the distribution of mandrel bars, allowing manufacturers to establish a strong relationship with their customers and gain insights into market demands. This approach often involves personalized service, enabling customers to specify their requirements and preferences directly. Direct sales are particularly advantageous for large-scale purchases, where negotiating prices and terms can lead to mutually beneficial agreements. Additionally, manufacturers can provide comprehensive support and guidance throughout the purchasing process, enhancing customer satisfaction and fostering long-term partnerships. As the market continues to evolve, the importance of direct sales channels for mandrel bars is anticipated to remain significant.

Distributors:

Distributors are key players in the mandrel bars market, acting as intermediaries between manufacturers and end-users. They offer a wide range of products from multiple manufacturers, allowing customers to compare options and choose the best fit for their specific needs. Distributors also provide value-added services, such as inventory management and logistics support, which can significantly streamline the procurement process for businesses. Moreover, their established networks and industry expertise enable them to reach a diverse customer base, facilitating market penetration for manufacturers. As the demand for mandrel bars continues to grow, the role of distributors in promoting and selling these products will be instrumental in expanding market reach.

Online Retail:

The rise of e-commerce has transformed the distribution landscape, including the mandrel bars market. Online retail platforms provide customers with the convenience of browsing and purchasing products from the comfort of their homes or workplaces. This channel allows for a broader reach, enabling manufacturers to tap into global markets without the limitations of physical storefronts. Customers can easily access product information, reviews, and pricing, enhancing their purchasing experience. As online retail continues to gain traction, manufacturers and distributors are increasingly investing in digital marketing strategies and e-commerce platforms to meet the evolving needs of consumers. The online retail segment is expected to grow significantly as more customers embrace the convenience of digital shopping.

By Material Type

Steel Mandrel Bars:

Steel mandrel bars are widely recognized for their strength, durability, and versatility, making them a popular choice in various industries. Their high tensile strength allows them to withstand heavy loads and extreme conditions, which is particularly beneficial in applications related to metalworking, automotive, and construction. Steel mandrel bars are often utilized in processes that require high precision, such as bending and shaping, where their robustness ensures high-quality outcomes. Additionally, the ability to easily machine and form steel into various shapes adds to the appeal of steel mandrel bars. As industrial demands continue to evolve, the steel mandrel bars segment is expected to maintain a strong presence in the market.

Aluminum Mandrel Bars:

Aluminum mandrel bars are gaining popularity due to their lightweight nature and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for applications in industries such as automotive and aerospace. The lightweight quality of aluminum contributes to improved fuel efficiency and performance in vehicles, which is essential in today’s market focused on sustainability. Furthermore, aluminum mandrel bars can be easily machined and formed into complex shapes, providing manufacturers with flexibility in design. The increasing focus on reducing carbon footprints and enhancing energy efficiency is driving the demand for aluminum mandrel bars, positioning this segment for robust growth in the coming years.

Copper Mandrel Bars:

Copper mandrel bars are predominantly used in specialized applications that require excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Their unique properties make them essential in industries such as electrical engineering and electronics manufacturing. The ability to withstand high temperatures and resist corrosion also makes copper mandrel bars suitable for applications in industries that demand high performance and reliability. As the demand for advanced electrical components continues to rise, the market for copper mandrel bars is expected to grow, driven by their superior properties and critical applications.

Titanium Mandrel Bars:

Titanium mandrel bars are recognized for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance, making them ideal for demanding applications in aerospace, defense, and medical fields. The lightweight nature of titanium contributes to enhanced performance in high-stress environments, particularly in aerospace components where reducing weight is paramount. Additionally, titanium's biocompatibility makes it a preferred choice for medical applications, including implants and surgical instruments. The increasing requirement for high-performance materials in specialized sectors is driving the growth of titanium mandrel bars, positioning them as a significant segment in the market.

Others:

This category includes a variety of materials used for specialized mandrel bars that cater to niche applications. These materials may comprise composites or other metal alloys designed to meet specific performance requirements in various industries. The versatility of mandrel bars allows for the use of innovative materials to address unique challenges, such as enhancing strength while minimizing weight or improving corrosion resistance. As industries continue to seek tailored solutions that maximize efficiency and sustainability, the segment of other material types in the mandrel bars market is expected to expand, offering opportunities for manufacturers to innovate and develop specialized products.

By Region

The North American mandrel bars market is anticipated to experience steady growth, with a projected CAGR of 4.5% from 2025 to 2035. The region's robust automotive and construction industries serve as the primary drivers of this growth, as manufacturers increasingly turn to mandrel bars to produce high-quality components. The presence of established manufacturing hubs in the United States and Canada further supports the demand, with increased investments in advanced manufacturing technologies. Additionally, the focus on sustainability and lightweight materials is pushing manufacturers towards adopting innovative solutions, such as aluminum and titanium mandrel bars, further solidifying North America's position in the global market.

In Europe, the mandrel bars market is also expected to witness significant growth, fueled by the increasing demand from the automotive and metalworking sectors. The region is known for its stringent safety and quality standards, which compel manufacturers to utilize high-quality mandrel bars in their production processes. Countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom, with their strong manufacturing bases, are likely to lead the market in this region. Furthermore, the European Union's focus on sustainability and the transition towards electric vehicles is driving the adoption of advanced materials, such as aluminum and titanium mandrel bars, positioning Europe as a key player in the global market landscape.

Opportunities

The mandrel bars market is poised to benefit from several emerging opportunities in the coming years. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the increasing demand for lightweight materials, particularly in the automotive and aerospace industries. As manufacturers strive to improve fuel efficiency and performance, the use of materials such as aluminum and titanium is becoming more prevalent. This trend is prompting manufacturers of mandrel bars to innovate and develop products that cater to the evolving needs of these sectors. Additionally, the expansion of electric vehicle production presents a unique opportunity for mandrel bar manufacturers to supply components that meet the specific requirements of electric drivetrains, positioning them favorably in this rapidly growing market.

Furthermore, the global emphasis on sustainability and reduced environmental impact is creating new avenues for growth in the mandrel bars market. As industries increasingly prioritize eco-friendly practices, the demand for high-quality, recyclable materials is on the rise. Manufacturers are given the opportunity to adapt their product offerings to align with these sustainability goals, such as producing mandrel bars from recycled materials or developing eco-friendly coatings. Additionally, the rise of automation and smart manufacturing technologies presents opportunities for the integration of advanced features into mandrel bars, increasing their appeal in the market. This combination of sustainability and technological advancement is expected to drive further growth in the mandrel bars market.

Threats

Despite the promising growth outlook for the mandrel bars market, several threats could impede progress. One significant threat is the volatility of raw material prices, which can substantially impact production costs. Fluctuations in the prices of metals such as steel, aluminum, and titanium can squeeze profit margins for manufacturers, forcing them to either absorb the costs or pass them onto consumers. Additionally, the increasing focus on sustainability may also lead to stringent regulations regarding material sourcing and production processes, which could further complicate operations. As manufacturers navigate these challenges, the risk of supply chain disruptions due to geopolitical tensions or trade disputes may also pose a threat to the stability of the mandrel bars market.

Another major challenge is the intense competition within the market, as numerous players vie for market share. This competition can lead to price wars, ultimately affecting profitability for manufacturers. Smaller companies may struggle to compete against larger firms that benefit from economies of scale, potentially leading to a consolidation trend in the industry. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological advancement means that manufacturers must continuously innovate to stay relevant, which can be a significant financial burden. It is crucial for companies in the mandrel bars market to develop strategies to differentiate their products and maintain a competitive edge, or they risk losing ground in an increasingly crowded market.

Competitor Outlook

• Thyssenkrupp AG
• Alcoa Corporation
• Precision Castparts Corp.
• Metals USA
• Carpenter Technology Corporation
• Valbruna Stainless
• Hollis Group
• JFE Steel Corporation
• Sandvik AB
• Allegheny Technologies Incorporated
• Tenaris S.A.
• U.S. Steel Corporation
• SSAB AB
• Olin Brass
• AK Steel Corporation

The competitive landscape of the mandrel bars market is characterized by a mix of well-established players and emerging companies, all vying for market share. Major manufacturers are increasingly focusing on innovation and product development to differentiate their offerings in a crowded market. Additionally, there is a trend towards consolidation, as larger firms acquire smaller players to expand their product portfolios and enhance their technological capabilities. This dynamic fosters a competitive environment where companies must continuously adapt to shifting market demands and evolving customer preferences. The competition is further intensified by the global nature of the industry, with companies not only competing locally but also on an international scale.

Key players such as Thyssenkrupp AG and Alcoa Corporation dominate the mandrel bars market due to their extensive experience and strong brand reputation. Thyssenkrupp AG, known for its advanced manufacturing techniques and commitment to sustainability, continues to invest in research and development to create innovative mandrel bar solutions. Similarly, Alcoa Corporation focuses on lightweight metal solutions and has made significant strides in producing high-performance aluminum mandrel bars, catering to the growing demand in the automotive sector. Both companies are well-positioned to leverage their industry expertise and technological advancements to maintain their competitive edge.

Another notable player, Precision Castparts Corp., specializes in high-performance metal components, including mandrel bars, for the aerospace and defense industries. Their commitment to quality and innovation places them at the forefront of the market and enables them to meet the stringent requirements of their clients. Meanwhile, Carpenter Technology Corporation is known for its expertise in specialty alloys and advanced manufacturing processes, positioning them as a key supplier of high-performance mandrel bars. With the increasing focus on sustainability, companies like Carpenter are also exploring eco-friendly practices in their production processes, aligning with the broader market trend towards sustainability.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 SSAB AB
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Metals USA
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Olin Brass
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Sandvik AB
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Hollis Group
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Tenaris S.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Thyssenkrupp AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Alcoa Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Valbruna Stainless
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 AK Steel Corporation
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 JFE Steel Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 U.S. Steel Corporation
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Precision Castparts Corp.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Carpenter Technology Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Allegheny Technologies Incorporated
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Mandrel Bars Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Metalworking
    • 6.1.2 Automotive
    • 6.1.3 Construction
    • 6.1.4 Machinery
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Mandrel Bars Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Round Mandrel Bars
    • 6.2.2 Square Mandrel Bars
    • 6.2.3 Hexagonal Mandrel Bars
    • 6.2.4 Flat Mandrel Bars
    • 6.2.5 Other Shapes
  • 6.3 Mandrel Bars Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Steel Mandrel Bars
    • 6.3.2 Aluminum Mandrel Bars
    • 6.3.3 Copper Mandrel Bars
    • 6.3.4 Titanium Mandrel Bars
    • 6.3.5 Others
  • 6.4 Mandrel Bars Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributors
    • 6.4.3 Online Retail

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Mandrel Bars Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Mandrel Bars market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Round Mandrel Bars
• Square Mandrel Bars
• Hexagonal Mandrel Bars
• Flat Mandrel Bars
• Other Shapes

By Application

• Metalworking
• Automotive
• Construction
• Machinery
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retail

By Material Type

• Steel Mandrel Bars
• Aluminum Mandrel Bars
• Copper Mandrel Bars
• Titanium Mandrel Bars
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Thyssenkrupp AG
• Alcoa Corporation
• Precision Castparts Corp.
• Metals USA
• Carpenter Technology Corporation
• Valbruna Stainless
• Hollis Group
• JFE Steel Corporation
• Sandvik AB
• Allegheny Technologies Incorporated
• Tenaris S.A.
• U.S. Steel Corporation
• SSAB AB
• Olin Brass
• AK Steel Corporation