Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales

Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market Outlook

The global Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) sales market is projected to reach approximately USD 200 million by 2035, growing at a CAGR of around 5.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. As industries and research sectors increasingly recognize the various applications of HRP in clinical diagnostics, biotechnology, and environmental testing, the demand for this enzyme is anticipated to escalate significantly. Factors contributing to this growth include the rising need for advanced diagnostic tools, the expansion of the biotechnology sector, and increasing investments in research and development activities. Additionally, the growing trend toward food safety and quality assurance is further propelling the utilization of HRP in the food and beverage industry, leading to an optimistic outlook for the market.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the Horseradish Peroxidase sales market can be primarily attributed to the expanding applications of HRP in various sectors, including biotechnology and clinical diagnostics. As the healthcare industry continues to emphasize early diagnosis and preventive healthcare, the demand for HRP-based diagnostic kits and assays is experiencing a noticeable surge. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases necessitates the development of reliable and efficient diagnostic tools, thereby driving the utilization of HRP in clinical settings. The food and beverage industry is also leveraging HRP for ensuring food safety, further augmenting its market presence. Additionally, ongoing advancements in recombinant DNA technology are enhancing the production of HRP, ensuring higher yields and improved enzyme specificity, which is critical for various applications. As such, the convergence of technological advancements and rising needs across multiple sectors positions the HRP sales market to experience consistent growth in the coming years.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The Horseradish Peroxidase market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Biotechnology and clinical diagnostics are the leading application areas for HRP.
• The increasing emphasis on food safety is boosting the demand for HRP in the food & beverage sector.
• Advancements in recombinant HRP production techniques are enhancing enzyme accessibility and quality.
• The Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness significant market growth due to rising research activities.

By Product Type

Liquid Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Liquid Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is widely used in various applications due to its ease of use and quick preparation. This form of HRP maintains optimal activity levels, making it suitable for various biochemical assays, including enzymatic reactions and diagnostic tests. The liquid state ensures better solubility and easier integration into diverse formulations, which enhances its appeal in research laboratories and clinical settings. As the demand for rapid and efficient assays rises, the liquid form of HRP is likely to experience increased adoption, particularly in laboratory diagnostics and biotechnology applications.

Powder Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Powder Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is another significant product type, primarily due to its longer shelf life compared to its liquid counterpart. This form is highly favored in situations requiring transportation and storage over extended periods. The powder form allows for more precise dosing and better handling in various laboratory settings. Additionally, powder HRP can be reconstituted as needed, making it a versatile option for researchers who require specific concentrations for varied applications. The growing trend toward bulk purchasing and long-term storage solutions within laboratories is expected to drive the demand for powdered HRP further.

Concentrated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Concentrated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is particularly valuable in applications requiring high enzyme activity and efficiency. This concentrated form is designed to provide maximum catalytic power in minimal volumes, making it an excellent choice for diagnostic applications where sensitivity is paramount. Furthermore, concentrated HRP formulations are often tailored for specific assays, providing researchers and clinicians with a flexible and effective tool for a range of tests. As the need for high-performance diagnostic tools continues to grow, the market for concentrated HRP is poised for significant expansion.

Freeze-Dried Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Freeze-dried Horseradish Peroxidase HRP offers a unique advantage in terms of stability and storage. By removing moisture through freeze-drying, this form of HRP remains highly stable and can be stored at ambient temperatures without losing its activity. This property is particularly beneficial for remote laboratories or regions with limited access to refrigeration. The convenience of rehydration and immediate use also appeals to researchers looking for quick solutions. Consequently, the freeze-dried segment is gaining traction as more laboratories recognize its operational and logistical benefits.

Encapsulated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Encapsulated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is emerging as a novel product type designed to enhance enzyme stability and improve its specificity in analytical applications. The encapsulation process protects the enzyme from environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations and pH changes, ensuring consistent performance. This feature makes it especially suitable for sensitive applications in clinical diagnostics and environmental testing. Furthermore, encapsulated HRP can be engineered to release the enzyme in targeted conditions, facilitating applications in drug delivery and biosensing, thereby broadening its applicability across various fields.

By Application

Biotechnology:

In the biotechnology sector, Horseradish Peroxidase plays a pivotal role in various applications, ranging from molecular biology to immunological assays. Its ability to catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions makes it an essential enzyme in the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic solutions. HRP is commonly used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), where its activity is harnessed for detecting and quantifying proteins, antibodies, and antigens. As biotechnology continues to expand, the demand for HRP in developing novel assays and protocols is expected to grow significantly, driven by innovations in genomic research and personalized medicine.

Clinical Diagnostics:

The clinical diagnostics application of Horseradish Peroxidase has seen substantial growth, primarily due to the increasing demand for rapid and accurate diagnostic tests. HRP is widely utilized in various assays for detecting diseases, infections, and biomarkers, providing crucial information for patient management. The need for early diagnosis and preventive healthcare measures has further fueled the adoption of HRP-based assays in clinical laboratories. As the healthcare sector continues to invest in advanced diagnostics, the role of HRP is likely to expand, allowing for more precise and efficient diagnostic processes.

Food & Beverage:

Horseradish Peroxidase is increasingly being utilized in the food and beverage industry to ensure product safety and quality. Its enzymatic properties are essential for detecting foodborne pathogens and assessing food freshness. HRP-based assays are employed to monitor microbial contamination, enabling manufacturers to maintain rigorous safety standards. Additionally, HRP is used in analyzing food additives and contaminants, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. As consumer awareness regarding food safety rises, the demand for HRP in the food sector is expected to grow, providing opportunities for companies specializing in food diagnostics.

Environmental Testing:

The role of Horseradish Peroxidase in environmental testing is becoming increasingly significant due to its ability to catalyze reactions that can help detect pollutants and toxins in water and soil samples. HRP is often used in biosensors for environmental monitoring, where its sensitivity and specificity are crucial for accurately detecting contaminants. The growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance is driving the need for effective testing methods, thereby augmenting the role of HRP in environmental applications. As environmental awareness grows, the applications of HRP in this sector are anticipated to expand further.

Research:

Research institutions extensively utilize Horseradish Peroxidase in various biochemical and molecular biology studies. HRP's versatility makes it invaluable in numerous experimental protocols, including signal amplification in immunohistochemistry and detection in Western blotting. As researchers continue to explore new frontiers in biology and medicine, the demand for HRP in academic and industrial research settings is expected to rise. The enzyme's role in facilitating innovative discoveries and advancements in various scientific fields underlines its importance and contributes to the overall growth of the HRP sales market.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales channels play a crucial role in the distribution of Horseradish Peroxidase products, particularly for manufacturers and suppliers looking to establish close relationships with their customers. By selling directly, companies can ensure that their products meet the specific needs of laboratories and research institutions, facilitating tailored solutions. Direct sales also enable manufacturers to maintain better control over pricing, inventory, and customer service, fostering loyalty and repeat business. As customers increasingly seek personalized support, the direct sales channel is expected to grow in importance within the HRP sales market.

Indirect Sales:

The indirect sales channel encompasses various intermediaries, such as distributors and resellers, who help facilitate the procurement of Horseradish Peroxidase products across different regions. This model allows manufacturers to reach a broader customer base and penetrate diverse markets without the need for extensive infrastructure. Indirect sales partners often provide localized expertise and support, making it easier for end-users to access HRP products. As the market continues to expand, the reliance on indirect sales channels is likely to increase, enabling manufacturers to effectively scale their operations and enhance product availability.

By Ingredient Type

Standard Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Standard Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is the most commonly used form in various applications due to its proven efficacy and availability. This type is favored in laboratories and diagnostic settings for its reliability and consistent performance across different assays. The standard HRP is versatile and can be utilized in numerous applications, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and colorimetric assays. As the demand for reliable and efficient diagnostic tools continues to grow, the market for standard HRP is expected to maintain a steady upward trajectory, driven by its widespread usage in research and clinical diagnostics.

Recombinant Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Recombinant Horseradish Peroxidase HRP has gained traction due to its enhanced purity and specificity compared to traditional sources. By utilizing recombinant DNA technology, manufacturers can produce HRP with tailored characteristics, making it suitable for specialized applications. The recombinant form is particularly advantageous in sensitive assays where enzyme activity and specificity are critical. As the biotechnology sector continues to advance, the demand for recombinant HRP is expected to rise, reflecting the growing trend towards precision and performance in laboratory applications.

Conjugated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Conjugated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is increasingly utilized in immunoassays, where it serves as a vital tool for signal detection and amplification. By conjugating HRP to antibodies or other biomolecules, researchers can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of their assays. This form is particularly useful in clinical diagnostics and research applications requiring high detection limits. The growing need for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools is driving the demand for conjugated HRP, paving the way for innovative developments in assay design and implementation.

Crude Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Crude Horseradish Peroxidase HRP, derived from natural sources, offers a cost-effective option for research and application needs. Although it may not possess the same level of purity as other forms, crude HRP is often favored in preliminary studies and exploratory research where high specificity is not the primary concern. Its availability and lower cost make it an attractive choice in budget-sensitive environments, thereby maintaining a steady demand within the HRP sales market.

Purified Horseradish Peroxidase HRP:

Purified Horseradish Peroxidase HRP is essential for applications that require high specificity and optimized performance. This form is obtained through advanced purification techniques, ensuring minimal impurities and maximum enzymatic activity. Purified HRP is widely used in various applications, including clinical diagnostics and research, where precise measurements are critical. As the focus on accurate and reliable diagnostics intensifies, the market for purified HRP is expected to grow, driven by its essential role in high-stakes laboratory work.

By Region

The Horseradish Peroxidase HRP sales market is geographically diverse, with significant activity observed in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. North America holds a substantial share of the market, estimated at around USD 80 million in 2025, driven by advanced research facilities and a strong emphasis on biotechnology and healthcare innovation. The United States, in particular, is a leading consumer of HRP due to its well-established pharmaceutical and diagnostics industry. The market in this region is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% over the forecast period, reflecting the ongoing investment in healthcare technologies and an increasing focus on laboratory automation.

In Europe, the HRP sales market is also expected to witness considerable growth, with a market size reaching approximately USD 60 million by 2025. The region benefits from a robust pharmaceutical sector and stringent regulatory frameworks that drive the need for high-quality diagnostic tools. Countries such as Germany and the UK are leading contributors, emphasizing research and development in biotechnology and healthcare. Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to experience the highest growth rate, with a CAGR of 7.0% as countries like China and India increase their investments in research infrastructure and healthcare facilities. As the demand for efficient diagnostic tools escalates, the HRP sales market is anticipated to witness significant developments and innovations across these regions.

Opportunities

The Horseradish Peroxidase HRP sales market presents numerous opportunities driven by advances in technology and increasing demand for diagnostic tools across various sectors. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, where innovative research and development efforts are underway. As personalized medicine and targeted therapies gain traction, the need for precise and efficient diagnostic tools becomes paramount. Companies that invest in the development and commercialization of advanced HRP-based assays are likely to capture a substantial share of this growing market. Furthermore, the expansion of research initiatives focused on infectious diseases and chronic conditions is expected to bolster the demand for HRP, creating a lucrative landscape for manufacturers and suppliers.

Another promising opportunity exists within the environmental testing sector, as regulatory bodies worldwide impose stricter guidelines on pollution control and food safety. Horseradish Peroxidase is well-suited for applications related to environmental monitoring, allowing for the development of sensitive and reliable testing methods. Organizations that focus on creating HRP-based biosensors and assays for detecting contaminants in water and soil will find a growing market for their products. Additionally, the integration of HRP in point-of-care testing devices offers significant opportunities for companies aiming to develop rapid and accurate testing solutions for various applications. As the emphasis on environmental sustainability and public health continues to rise, the HRP sales market is positioned for robust growth and innovation.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects, the Horseradish Peroxidase HRP sales market faces several threats that could impact its trajectory. One notable threat is the increasing competition from alternative enzymes and diagnostic technologies. As research expands, new enzymes exhibiting similar or superior properties to HRP are being discovered and developed, potentially displacing HRP in certain applications. Moreover, advancements in molecular diagnostics, such as PCR and next-generation sequencing, could challenge the dominance of HRP in specific tests. Companies in the market must remain vigilant and adaptable, continuously innovating to ensure their products remain relevant and competitive in a rapidly evolving landscape.

Another significant threat stems from regulatory challenges and compliance requirements. As the HRP sales market is closely tied to the healthcare and food industries, manufacturers must navigate complex regulatory frameworks to ensure their products meet safety and efficacy standards. Non-compliance with regulations can lead to delays in product approvals, financial losses, and damage to a company's reputation. Companies need to invest in quality assurance and regulatory expertise to mitigate these risks effectively. Furthermore, potential disruptions due to economic fluctuations, supply chain challenges, and global events, such as pandemics, can pose additional threats to market stability and growth.

Competitor Outlook

• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Merck KGaA
• Abcam plc
• Sigma-Aldrich (Merck Group)
• R&D Systems, Inc.
• Promega Corporation
• Biolinx Scientific
• Rockland Immunochemicals
• Cell Signaling Technology
• GenScript
• New England Biolabs
• Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
• Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
• Vector Laboratories, Inc.
• Haeusler AG

The competitive landscape of the Horseradish Peroxidase HRP sales market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, all striving to capture market share through innovation and strategic initiatives. Companies like Thermo Fisher Scientific and Merck KGaA hold significant market positions due to their vast product portfolios, extensive distribution networks, and strong customer relationships. These industry giants leverage their research capabilities to develop cutting-edge HRP products tailored to meet the evolving demands of laboratories and clinical settings. Additionally, they invest heavily in marketing and branding efforts to strengthen their market presence and ensure top-of-mind awareness among potential customers.

Emerging companies and startups are also making their mark in the Horseradish Peroxidase market by focusing on niche applications and specialized products. For instance, organizations like GenScript and R&D Systems are carving out their niche by developing recombinant and conjugated HRP products for specific research and diagnostic needs. These companies often prioritize innovation, agility, and customer-centric approaches, allowing them to respond swiftly to market demands and capitalize on emerging trends. Furthermore, collaborations and partnerships among these players are becoming increasingly common, enabling them to pool resources and expertise, thus enhancing their competitive edge in the market.

In addition to product innovation, companies in the HRP sales market also emphasize sustainability and ethical practices as part of their competitive strategy. With increasing awareness surrounding environmental and ethical concerns, manufacturers are adopting greener processes and sourcing practices. Companies like Bio-Rad Laboratories and Abcam are actively pursuing sustainability initiatives, which resonate with environmentally conscious consumers and clients. As the market continues to evolve, those companies that prioritize innovation, sustainability, and customer engagement are likely to emerge as leaders, maintaining a competitive advantage in a dynamic landscape.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Abcam plc
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 GenScript
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Merck KGaA
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Haeusler AG
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 R&D Systems, Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Biolinx Scientific
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 New England Biolabs
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Promega Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Rockland Immunochemicals
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Cell Signaling Technology
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Vector Laboratories, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Sigma-Aldrich (Merck Group)
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Biotechnology
    • 6.1.2 Clinical Diagnostics
    • 6.1.3 Food & Beverage
    • 6.1.4 Environmental Testing
    • 6.1.5 Research
  • 6.2 Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Liquid Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.2.2 Powder Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.2.3 Concentrated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.2.4 Freeze-Dried Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.2.5 Encapsulated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
  • 6.3 Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Standard Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.3.2 Recombinant Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.3.3 Conjugated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.3.4 Crude Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
    • 6.3.5 Purified Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
  • 6.4 Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Indirect Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Horseradish Peroxidase HRP Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Liquid Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Powder Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Concentrated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Freeze-Dried Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Encapsulated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP

By Application

• Biotechnology
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Food & Beverage
• Environmental Testing
• Research

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

By Ingredient Type

• Standard Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Recombinant Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Conjugated Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Crude Horseradish Peroxidase HRP
• Purified Horseradish Peroxidase HRP

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Merck KGaA
• Abcam plc
• Sigma-Aldrich (Merck Group)
• R&D Systems, Inc.
• Promega Corporation
• Biolinx Scientific
• Rockland Immunochemicals
• Cell Signaling Technology
• GenScript
• New England Biolabs
• Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
• Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
• Vector Laboratories, Inc.
• Haeusler AG