Closed Stopcocks
Closed Stopcocks Market Segments - by Product Type (Straight Stopcocks, T-shape Stopcocks, Luer Lock Stopcocks, High-Flow Stopcocks, Three-Way Stopcocks), Application (Hospitals, Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Homecare Settings, Others), Distribution Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor Sales), Material Type (Plastic Stopcocks, Metal Stopcocks, Glass Stopcocks, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035
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- Table Of Content
- Segments
- Methodology
Closed Stopcocks Market Outlook
The global Closed Stopcocks market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 7.2% from 2025 to 2035. This growth trajectory is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases necessitating medical interventions, thus elevating the demand for sophisticated medical devices such as closed stopcocks. Additionally, the rise in outpatient surgeries and the expansion of healthcare facilities globally contribute significantly to market growth. The ongoing innovation in medical equipment, coupled with an enhanced focus on patient safety and infection control, is propelling the adoption of advanced closed stopcock systems across various healthcare settings. Furthermore, the growing geriatric population is likely to amplify the demand for effective fluid management solutions, further solidifying the market's positive outlook.
Growth Factor of the Market
The closed stopcocks market is poised for significant growth driven by several factors that enhance their utility in modern medical settings. One of the primary growth factors is the escalating rate of surgical procedures worldwide, which necessitates reliable and efficient fluid management systems to ensure patient safety during operations. Moreover, advancements in medical technology, including the development of more precise and user-friendly stopcocks, are attracting healthcare providers toward upgrading their equipment. The increasing focus on minimizing the risk of infection in hospital settings also plays a critical role; closed stopcocks are designed to enhance sterility, thereby bolstering their demand. Additionally, the rising investments in healthcare infrastructure, particularly in emerging economies, are facilitating the expansion of medical device markets. Lastly, the growing awareness of the importance of proper fluid management in critical care scenarios supports the adoption of advanced closed stopcock systems.
Key Highlights of the Market
- Projected CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2035 indicates robust market growth.
- Increase in outpatient surgeries and chronic disease prevalence driving demand.
- Technological advancements leading to sophisticated closed stopcock designs.
- Growing awareness of infection control measures in healthcare settings.
- Expansion of healthcare infrastructure significantly contributing to market expansion.
By Product Type
Straight Stopcocks:
Straight stopcocks are one of the most commonly used types in various medical settings, characterized by their simple design that allows for straightforward fluid control. These stopcocks are designed to provide a direct pathway for liquids, making them ideal for intravenous (IV) applications and other fluid management tasks. Their ease of use and reliability make them a favored choice among healthcare professionals. The demand for straight stopcocks is driven by their versatility, as they can be employed in diverse medical environments, including hospitals and clinics, to ensure efficient fluid transfer during medical procedures. Furthermore, advancements in materials used for manufacturing these stopcocks have improved their durability and safety, thereby enhancing their market appeal.
T-shape Stopcocks:
T-shape stopcocks are specifically designed to facilitate the connection between three different pathways while managing fluid flow effectively. This unique design enables healthcare providers to control multiple connections simultaneously, which is essential in complex medical procedures that require the manipulation of different fluids or medications. The increasing complexity of surgical procedures, particularly in critical care environments, is bolstering the demand for T-shape stopcocks. Additionally, their innovative design reduces the risk of cross-contamination, making them a safer choice in situations where sterility is paramount. As healthcare facilities continue to adopt advanced technologies to improve patient outcomes, T-shape stopcocks are becoming increasingly essential in various clinical applications.
Luer Lock Stopcocks:
Luer lock stopcocks provide a secure connection between syringes, IV lines, and other medical devices, making them critically important in ensuring safe and effective fluid management. Their design features a locking mechanism that prevents disconnection during procedures, thereby enhancing patient safety and reducing the risk of leaks. As the healthcare industry places greater emphasis on patient safety protocols, the demand for Luer lock stopcocks is on the rise. These stopcocks are particularly favored in hospitals and surgical centers where precision in fluid delivery is crucial. The growing adoption of these devices is also supported by their compatibility with a wide range of medical equipment, further solidifying their presence in the market.
High-Flow Stopcocks:
High-flow stopcocks are engineered to handle large volumes of fluids, making them indispensable in emergency medical situations and critical care settings. Their design allows for rapid fluid delivery, which is vital for patients in need of immediate medical intervention. The demand for high-flow stopcocks is significantly driven by the increase in trauma cases and surgical emergencies, where time is of the essence. Additionally, these stopcocks often feature larger bore sizes, enabling faster fluid transport and improving overall efficiency in medical procedures. As healthcare providers seek to enhance their capabilities in managing emergencies, the adoption of high-flow stopcocks is expected to witness substantial growth.
Three-Way Stopcocks:
Three-way stopcocks are versatile devices that allow for the connection of three different IV lines or syringes, providing enhanced flexibility during fluid management. These stopcocks are particularly beneficial in complex medical scenarios where multiple infusions are required simultaneously. The increasing prevalence of multi-drug therapies and the rising complexity of treatment protocols in hospitals are driving the demand for three-way stopcocks. Additionally, their user-friendly design and ability to minimize the risk of backflow or cross-contamination make them a preferred choice among healthcare professionals. As the healthcare industry continues to evolve towards more sophisticated treatment methodologies, the utilization of three-way stopcocks is anticipated to grow accordingly.
By Application
Hospitals:
Hospitals are the largest end-users of closed stopcocks, driven by the high volume of surgical procedures performed and the need for effective fluid management in various departments. The critical nature of care provided in hospitals necessitates the use of reliable and safe medical devices, making closed stopcocks an integral part of the healthcare infrastructure. With the increasing incidence of chronic diseases requiring surgical intervention, hospitals are investing in advanced closed stopcock systems to enhance patient outcomes and ensure operational efficiency. Additionally, the move towards minimizing hospital-acquired infections has spurred the adoption of closed stopcocks designed for enhanced sterility. The robust demand from hospitals is expected to continue to propel market growth in the coming years.
Clinics:
Clinics, particularly outpatient facilities, are increasingly adopting closed stopcocks due to the rise in minor surgical procedures and diagnostic interventions performed outside of hospital settings. These facilities often require versatile and reliable fluid management solutions that can accommodate various procedures. The convenience and efficiency offered by closed stopcocks make them an attractive choice for clinics, as they help streamline operations and improve patient care. As healthcare systems evolve and more procedures transition from hospitals to outpatient settings, the demand for closed stopcocks in clinics is projected to grow significantly, driven by the need for safe and effective fluid management solutions.
Ambulatory Surgical Centers:
Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) are poised to become key contributors to the closed stopcocks market due to their growing prevalence as alternatives to traditional hospital surgical departments. ASCs focus on same-day discharge surgeries, resulting in a need for efficient fluid management systems to ensure patient safety and satisfaction. The adoption of closed stopcocks in these centers is driven by their ability to facilitate safe and precise fluid delivery during various surgical procedures. As more patients seek outpatient surgery options, the demand for reliable and effective closed stopcock systems is expected to increase, creating significant opportunities for market growth within the ASC segment.
Homecare Settings:
The increasing trend of home healthcare is opening new avenues for the closed stopcocks market, as patients increasingly require home-based treatment options for chronic conditions. Closed stopcocks facilitate safe and effective fluid management in homecare settings, allowing caregivers to administer medications and fluids to patients in the comfort of their homes. The rise in telehealth and remote patient monitoring is further driving the demand for closed stopcocks, as healthcare providers look for efficient solutions to manage patients' needs outside traditional healthcare environments. With an aging population and a growing emphasis on personalized healthcare, the demand for closed stopcocks in homecare settings is forecasted to rise significantly.
Others:
Other applications of closed stopcocks include specialized clinical environments, research laboratories, and educational institutions. These settings require high-quality fluid management solutions for various experiments and medical training. The versatility of closed stopcocks makes them suitable for diverse applications beyond traditional healthcare facilities, thereby expanding their market reach. As the demand for research and education in the medical field continues to grow, the adoption of closed stopcocks in these areas is expected to increase, contributing to overall market growth.
By Distribution Channel
Direct Sales:
Direct sales channels have become integral to the closed stopcocks market, allowing manufacturers to establish a direct link between their products and healthcare providers. This approach offers numerous advantages, including better pricing strategies, tailored customer service, and the opportunity to build long-term relationships with clients. Additionally, direct sales enable manufacturers to gain valuable insights into market trends and customer preferences, leading to improved product offerings. With the growing emphasis on quality and reliability in medical devices, healthcare facilities are increasingly seeking to engage directly with manufacturers to ensure they obtain the best products suited to their needs. The trend of direct sales is expected to gain momentum, thereby enhancing market growth.
Distributor Sales:
Distributor sales play a pivotal role in the closed stopcocks market, providing healthcare facilities with easier access to a wide range of products from multiple manufacturers. Distributors often have established networks and relationships with healthcare providers, facilitating the distribution of closed stopcocks across various geographical locations. This sales channel is particularly beneficial for smaller healthcare facilities that may not have the purchasing power to engage directly with manufacturers. The convenience and efficiency of distributor sales, coupled with the ability to offer competitive pricing, are driving the growth of this segment. As the demand for closed stopcocks continues to rise, the distributor sales channel is expected to maintain a significant share of the market.
By Material Type
Plastic Stopcocks:
Plastic stopcocks are widely used in healthcare due to their lightweight nature and cost-effectiveness. These stopcocks are typically made from high-quality plastic materials that ensure durability and resistance to chemical reactions, making them suitable for various medical applications. The demand for plastic stopcocks is on the rise as healthcare providers seek affordable solutions without compromising on quality. Additionally, the disposable nature of many plastic stopcocks enhances their appeal in settings focused on infection control, as they can be safely discarded after use. With increasing awareness of hygiene practices in medical environments, the market for plastic stopcocks is projected to grow significantly.
Metal Stopcocks:
Metal stopcocks are renowned for their strength and reliability, making them ideal for high-pressure applications in clinical settings. Typically made from stainless steel or other robust metals, these stopcocks are designed to withstand repeated use and sterilization processes. The increasing focus on longevity and safety in medical devices is driving the demand for metal stopcocks, particularly in surgical environments where durability is paramount. The high-performance capabilities of metal stopcocks make them a preferred choice for healthcare providers seeking reliable options within their fluid management systems. As hospitals and surgical centers continue to invest in high-quality equipment, the market for metal stopcocks is expected to grow.
Glass Stopcocks:
Glass stopcocks are primarily used in laboratory settings and specialized medical applications where visibility of fluid contents is crucial. These stopcocks offer excellent chemical resistance and are easily sterilizable, making them ideal for situations that require a high level of hygiene. The demand for glass stopcocks is driven by their use in research laboratories, clinical trials, and other environments where precision and integrity of fluid management are essential. Despite their higher cost compared to plastic and metal options, the unique advantages offered by glass stopcocks make them a valuable investment for facilities that prioritize accuracy and safety. As laboratory research continues to expand, the glass stopcock market is projected to see significant growth.
Others:
This segment encompasses various specialized stopcock types not covered by the primary material categories. These may include hybrid stopcocks, made from a combination of materials, or customized stopcocks designed for specific medical applications. The growth in this segment is fueled by the increasing demand for tailored solutions that meet the unique needs of healthcare providers. As medical technology continues to advance, the opportunities for developing specialized stopcocks are expanding, leading to innovations that enhance fluid management in various settings. The diverse applications and growing interest in customized medical devices are expected to support the growth of this segment in the closed stopcocks market.
By Region
The North American region dominates the closed stopcocks market, accounting for a significant share due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure and high expenditure on medical devices. The presence of leading manufacturers and a growing emphasis on patient safety and infection control measures further drive market growth in this region. In particular, the United States is a key market, with a projected CAGR of approximately 6.5% from 2025 to 2035. The increasing prevalence of chronic conditions requiring medical intervention and the rise in outpatient surgeries bolster the demand for closed stopcocks. As healthcare facilities continue to upgrade their equipment to ensure optimal patient care, North America is expected to remain a stronghold for market players.
Europe holds the second-largest share in the closed stopcocks market, supported by stringent regulations aimed at enhancing patient safety and improving healthcare outcomes. The region's focus on adopting innovative medical devices contributes to the increasing demand for closed stopcocks across various healthcare settings. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are key contributors to market growth, driven by a growing aging population and rising healthcare spending. Additionally, the market in Europe is witnessing a shift toward minimally invasive procedures, further driving the need for advanced fluid management solutions. The increasing integration of technology within healthcare is likely to enhance the closed stopcocks market in Europe during the forecast period.
Opportunities
The closed stopcocks market is rife with opportunities, particularly due to the increasing focus on improving patient safety and infection control in healthcare settings. As healthcare providers prioritize the reduction of hospital-acquired infections, the demand for advanced fluid management solutions is expected to rise significantly. Closed stopcocks are designed to enhance sterility and minimize contamination risks, making them an attractive option for hospitals and clinics. Furthermore, the global trend of shifting towards outpatient and minimally invasive procedures presents openings for the development of innovative closed stopcock systems tailored to meet the needs of this evolving healthcare landscape. Manufacturers that focus on creating safer, more efficient devices are likely to capitalize on these emerging opportunities.
Additionally, the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies represents a significant opportunity for the closed stopcocks market. As countries like India, Brazil, and others continue to invest in their healthcare systems, there is a growing demand for reliable medical devices, including closed stopcocks, that can support advanced treatment protocols. This expansion presents an avenue for market players to introduce their products and establish strong distribution networks in these regions. Collaborations with local distributors and healthcare facilities will be crucial in gaining a foothold in these rapidly developing markets, thus offering promising opportunities for sustained growth.
Threats
Despite the positive outlook for the closed stopcocks market, several threats could impede growth. One significant concern is the increasing prevalence of counterfeit medical devices, which poses a serious risk to patient safety and the integrity of healthcare delivery. The presence of substandard products in the market can lead to complications during medical procedures, which can damage the reputation of legitimate manufacturers. Furthermore, regulatory challenges can pose threats to market growth; stringent regulations governing medical device manufacturing and distribution may limit the entry of new players into the market. Established companies may also face challenges in adapting to ever-changing regulatory landscapes, which could hinder innovation and slow down product development cycles.
Another potential threat is the volatility in raw material prices, which can adversely affect manufacturing costs for closed stopcocks. Fluctuations in the prices of materials such as plastics, metals, and glass can lead to unpredictable production costs, thereby impacting profit margins for manufacturers. Additionally, the increasing trend of consolidation within the healthcare industry may lead to fewer purchasing opportunities for smaller manufacturers and disrupt the competitive balance in the market. As larger companies acquire smaller ones, the market landscape may become dominated by a few key players, potentially stifling innovation and limiting choices for healthcare providers.
Competitor Outlook
- Smiths Medical
- BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company)
- Medtronic
- Teleflex Incorporated
- Terumo Corporation
- Cardinal Health
- Fresenius Kabi AG
- Cook Medical
- 3M Health Care
- Johnson & Johnson
- Halyard Health
- Olympus Corporation
- ConvaTec Inc.
- Hologic Inc.
- Vygon
The competitive landscape of the closed stopcocks market is characterized by the presence of several key players that dominate the industry. Companies such as Smiths Medical and BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) have established themselves as leading manufacturers, investing heavily in research and development to innovate and improve their product offerings. These companies focus on technological advancements and product differentiation to cater to the evolving needs of healthcare providers. The competitive rivalry is intensified by the ongoing push for better patient outcomes and enhanced safety protocols, prompting companies to develop more efficient and reliable closed stopcock systems. Furthermore, established players are also actively pursuing mergers and acquisitions to expand their market presence and leverage synergies for growth.
Medtronic and Teleflex Incorporated are also significant players in the market, known for their extensive portfolios of medical devices, including closed stopcocks. These companies leverage their strong brand recognition and established distribution channels to maintain a competitive edge. Medtronic’s commitment to innovation is evident in its continuous development of new and improved medical technologies that enhance patient care. Similarly, Teleflex is known for its focus on patient-centered solutions, which drives its product development strategy. The competition among these key players is expected to remain robust, as they strive to capture market share and meet the rising demand for closed stopcocks in various healthcare applications.
In addition to established companies, new entrants and smaller manufacturers are also entering the closed stopcocks market, contributing to the overall competitive dynamics. These players often focus on niche segments and specialized products, catering to specific needs within the healthcare sector. Their agility and ability to adapt to market trends present both challenges and opportunities for larger corporations. As the market continues to evolve, companies that prioritize innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction will be well-positioned to succeed in the competitive landscape of closed stopcocks. Overall, the market is likely to witness further consolidation and strategic partnerships as companies seek to enhance their competitive positioning in this growing industry.
1 Appendix
- 1.1 List of Tables
- 1.2 List of Figures
2 Introduction
- 2.1 Market Definition
- 2.2 Scope of the Report
- 2.3 Study Assumptions
- 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
3 Market Dynamics
- 3.1 Market Growth Factors
- 3.2 Economic & Global Events
- 3.3 Innovation Trends
- 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
4 Consumer Behavior
- 4.1 Market Trends
- 4.2 Pricing Analysis
- 4.3 Buyer Insights
5 Key Player Profiles
- 5.1 Vygon
- 5.1.1 Business Overview
- 5.1.2 Products & Services
- 5.1.3 Financials
- 5.1.4 Recent Developments
- 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.2 Medtronic
- 5.2.1 Business Overview
- 5.2.2 Products & Services
- 5.2.3 Financials
- 5.2.4 Recent Developments
- 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.3 Cook Medical
- 5.3.1 Business Overview
- 5.3.2 Products & Services
- 5.3.3 Financials
- 5.3.4 Recent Developments
- 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.4 Hologic Inc.
- 5.4.1 Business Overview
- 5.4.2 Products & Services
- 5.4.3 Financials
- 5.4.4 Recent Developments
- 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.5 ConvaTec Inc.
- 5.5.1 Business Overview
- 5.5.2 Products & Services
- 5.5.3 Financials
- 5.5.4 Recent Developments
- 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.6 3M Health Care
- 5.6.1 Business Overview
- 5.6.2 Products & Services
- 5.6.3 Financials
- 5.6.4 Recent Developments
- 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.7 Halyard Health
- 5.7.1 Business Overview
- 5.7.2 Products & Services
- 5.7.3 Financials
- 5.7.4 Recent Developments
- 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.8 Smiths Medical
- 5.8.1 Business Overview
- 5.8.2 Products & Services
- 5.8.3 Financials
- 5.8.4 Recent Developments
- 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.9 Cardinal Health
- 5.9.1 Business Overview
- 5.9.2 Products & Services
- 5.9.3 Financials
- 5.9.4 Recent Developments
- 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.10 Fresenius Kabi AG
- 5.10.1 Business Overview
- 5.10.2 Products & Services
- 5.10.3 Financials
- 5.10.4 Recent Developments
- 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.11 Johnson & Johnson
- 5.11.1 Business Overview
- 5.11.2 Products & Services
- 5.11.3 Financials
- 5.11.4 Recent Developments
- 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.12 Terumo Corporation
- 5.12.1 Business Overview
- 5.12.2 Products & Services
- 5.12.3 Financials
- 5.12.4 Recent Developments
- 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.13 Olympus Corporation
- 5.13.1 Business Overview
- 5.13.2 Products & Services
- 5.13.3 Financials
- 5.13.4 Recent Developments
- 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.14 Teleflex Incorporated
- 5.14.1 Business Overview
- 5.14.2 Products & Services
- 5.14.3 Financials
- 5.14.4 Recent Developments
- 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.15 BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company)
- 5.15.1 Business Overview
- 5.15.2 Products & Services
- 5.15.3 Financials
- 5.15.4 Recent Developments
- 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.1 Vygon
6 Market Segmentation
- 6.1 Closed Stopcocks Market, By Application
- 6.1.1 Hospitals
- 6.1.2 Clinics
- 6.1.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- 6.1.4 Homecare Settings
- 6.1.5 Others
- 6.2 Closed Stopcocks Market, By Product Type
- 6.2.1 Straight Stopcocks
- 6.2.2 T-shape Stopcocks
- 6.2.3 Luer Lock Stopcocks
- 6.2.4 High-Flow Stopcocks
- 6.2.5 Three-Way Stopcocks
- 6.3 Closed Stopcocks Market, By Material Type
- 6.3.1 Plastic Stopcocks
- 6.3.2 Metal Stopcocks
- 6.3.3 Glass Stopcocks
- 6.3.4 Others
- 6.4 Closed Stopcocks Market, By Distribution Channel
- 6.4.1 Direct Sales
- 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
- 6.1 Closed Stopcocks Market, By Application
7 Competitive Analysis
- 7.1 Key Player Comparison
- 7.2 Market Share Analysis
- 7.3 Investment Trends
- 7.4 SWOT Analysis
8 Research Methodology
- 8.1 Analysis Design
- 8.2 Research Phases
- 8.3 Study Timeline
9 Future Market Outlook
- 9.1 Growth Forecast
- 9.2 Market Evolution
10 Geographical Overview
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.1.1.1 UK
- 10.1.1.2 France
- 10.1.1.3 Germany
- 10.1.1.4 Spain
- 10.1.1.5 Italy
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.2.1.1 India
- 10.2.1.2 China
- 10.2.1.3 Japan
- 10.2.1.4 South Korea
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.3.1.1 Brazil
- 10.3.1.2 Argentina
- 10.3.1.3 Mexico
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.4.1.1 USA
- 10.4.1.2 Canada
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.5 Closed Stopcocks Market by Region
- 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.6.1.1 Middle East
- 10.6.1.2 Africa
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
11 Global Economic Factors
- 11.1 Inflation Impact
- 11.2 Trade Policies
12 Technology & Innovation
- 12.1 Emerging Technologies
- 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
- 12.3 Patent Research
13 Investment & Market Growth
- 13.1 Funding Trends
- 13.2 Future Market Projections
14 Market Overview & Key Insights
- 14.1 Executive Summary
- 14.2 Key Trends
- 14.3 Market Challenges
- 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global Closed Stopcocks market is categorized based on
By Product Type
- Straight Stopcocks
- T-shape Stopcocks
- Luer Lock Stopcocks
- High-Flow Stopcocks
- Three-Way Stopcocks
By Application
- Hospitals
- Clinics
- Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- Homecare Settings
- Others
By Distribution Channel
- Direct Sales
- Distributor Sales
By Material Type
- Plastic Stopcocks
- Metal Stopcocks
- Glass Stopcocks
- Others
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
Key Players
- Smiths Medical
- BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company)
- Medtronic
- Teleflex Incorporated
- Terumo Corporation
- Cardinal Health
- Fresenius Kabi AG
- Cook Medical
- 3M Health Care
- Johnson & Johnson
- Halyard Health
- Olympus Corporation
- ConvaTec Inc.
- Hologic Inc.
- Vygon
- Publish Date : Jan 21 ,2025
- Report ID : AG-22
- No. Of Pages : 100
- Format : |
- Ratings : 4.7 (99 Reviews)