Cardiac Implants

Cardiac Implants Market Outlook

The global cardiac implants market was valued at approximately USD 14 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach around USD 26 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% during the forecast period of 2025 to 2035. The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, driven by factors such as sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and the aging population. Moreover, advancements in medical technology, such as the development of minimally invasive procedures and innovative cardiac devices, are further propelling market growth. The growing awareness among patients regarding the availability of effective treatment options and the rising demand for implantable devices to manage heart diseases are other contributing factors. In addition, the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies is expected to provide significant opportunities for market growth.

Growth Factor of the Market

The cardiac implants market is experiencing robust growth due to several pivotal factors. Firstly, the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and heart failure, is prompting an increasing need for effective cardiac implant technologies. This is compounded by an aging population that is more susceptible to heart-related ailments, thereby creating a larger patient pool requiring treatment. Furthermore, technological advancements in implantable devices, including enhanced designs for improved patient outcomes and longevity, are fostering growth within this sector. The integration of digital technologies, such as remote monitoring capabilities within implantable devices, is also enhancing patient management and adherence to treatments, which is positively influencing market dynamics. Additionally, the growing investment in healthcare research and innovation, alongside an increase in healthcare expenditure across both developed and emerging markets, provides a favorable environment for the growth of the cardiac implants market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global cardiac implants market is projected to reach approximately USD 26 billion by 2035.
• The market is driven by a significant increase in cardiovascular diseases and patient awareness.
• Technological advancements in cardiac devices are enhancing treatment efficacy.
• North America is anticipated to hold the largest market share due to advanced healthcare systems.
• Emerging economies are rapidly expanding their healthcare infrastructure, boosting market growth.

By Product Type

Pacemakers:

Pacemakers are a crucial segment of the cardiac implants market, designed to regulate the heartbeat in patients suffering from arrhythmias. The rising prevalence of bradycardia (slow heart rate) and the increasing number of heart failure cases are contributing to the growing demand for pacemakers. Moreover, advancements in pacemaker technology, including the development of leadless pacemakers and devices that can be implanted through minimally invasive procedures, are enhancing their attractiveness among patients and healthcare providers alike. In addition, the availability of features such as wireless connectivity for remote monitoring is further driving the adoption of pacemakers in clinical practice. As a result, this segment is expected to witness substantial growth over the forecast period, supported by both technological innovation and increasing clinical applications.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators:

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) segment plays a critical role in the management of patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest due to life-threatening arrhythmias. The increasing incidence of heart diseases, coupled with a growing awareness of the benefits of ICDs, is propelling the demand for these devices. Furthermore, advancements in device technology, such as leadless ICDs and devices equipped with improved battery life, are enhancing the appeal of these implants. The increasing prevalence of conditions such as cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases is also driving this segment's growth. As more hospitals and cardiology centers adopt ICD technology, the market is expected to expand significantly during the forecast period.

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices:

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices are increasingly recognized for their ability to improve the quality of life in patients with heart failure by optimizing the heart's pumping efficiency. The growth of this segment is largely driven by the rising prevalence of heart failure and associated comorbidities. Additionally, ongoing clinical studies and trials demonstrating the efficacy of CRT in reducing hospitalizations and mortality rates are encouraging healthcare providers to adopt these devices more widely. The integration of advanced algorithms in CRT devices that can adapt to the patient's needs and provide real-time feedback is also enhancing their effectiveness, thereby contributing to the segment's growth trajectory.

Ventricular Assist Devices:

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) represent a vital option for patients with severe heart failure, often serving as a bridge to heart transplantation or long-term therapy for patients who are not candidates for surgery. The increasing incidence of advanced heart failure and the limited availability of donor organs are contributing to the rising demand for VADs. Furthermore, technological advancements have improved the safety, reliability, and patient outcomes associated with VAD use. Ongoing innovations, including miniaturized and portable VAD systems, are making these devices more accessible and appealing to patients. As the healthcare system focuses on improving outcomes for heart failure patients, the VAD segment is expected to see substantial growth in the coming years.

Heart Valves:

The heart valve segment is growing due to the increasing prevalence of valvular heart diseases and the aging population. The development of innovative and minimally invasive techniques for valve replacement, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), has significantly expanded treatment options for patients. The increasing success rates of these procedures, along with the growing patient preference for less invasive options, is driving the growth of the heart valve market segment. Additionally, advancements in valve design, including bioprosthetic valves that mimic natural valve function and durability, are further propelling the adoption of these devices. As awareness regarding the treatment of valvular heart diseases spreads, this segment is poised for significant growth.

By Application

Hospitals:

Hospitals are the leading application segment in the cardiac implants market, primarily due to their comprehensive healthcare infrastructure and advanced facilities for managing complex cardiac conditions. The ability of hospitals to provide critical care, surgical interventions, and post-operative monitoring makes them the preferred settings for the implantation of cardiac devices. Moreover, hospitals are increasingly adopting advanced technologies such as robotic-assisted surgeries and minimally invasive techniques, which enhance patient outcomes and drive the volume of cardiac implant procedures conducted. The presence of specialized cardiology teams and access to advanced diagnostic tools further supports the growth of this segment, as hospitals are equipped to handle a wide range of cardiac conditions, leading to an increased demand for cardiac implants.

Cardiology Centers:

Cardiology centers play a pivotal role in the cardiac implants market, providing specialized care for patients with heart conditions. These centers are often equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by highly trained cardiologists, allowing for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The growing population of patients seeking specialized care for heart diseases is driving the demand for these facilities, as patients prefer to receive care from experts in the field. Additionally, many cardiology centers are increasingly collaborating with hospitals to provide comprehensive care pathways, which enhances patient access to necessary cardiac implants and treatments. The increasing focus on patient-centered care and the management of chronic heart conditions at dedicated facilities further supports the growth of this segment.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) are emerging as an important application segment in the cardiac implants market due to their ability to provide outpatient surgical services. The growing trend towards outpatient care, driven by technological advancements and the desire for cost-effective healthcare, is boosting the demand for ASCs. These centers allow patients to undergo procedures such as pacemaker insertions and other minimally invasive cardiac interventions in a convenient setting without the need for prolonged hospital stays. The increasing patient preference for outpatient procedures, combined with the cost savings associated with ASCs, is propelling the growth of this segment. As more cardiac procedures become eligible for outpatient care, the role of ASCs is expected to expand significantly during the forecast period.

By Material Type

Metal:

The metal segment is a significant component of the cardiac implants market, primarily due to the robust properties of metal materials that are essential for various cardiac devices. Metals such as titanium and stainless steel are commonly used in the manufacture of pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and other cardiac implants due to their strength, biocompatibility, and durability. The ability to withstand bodily fluids and resist corrosion makes metal an ideal choice for long-term implantation. Furthermore, ongoing advancements in metal alloys and coatings are enhancing the performance and longevity of these devices, which bolsters their demand in the market. As technological advancements continue to improve metal-based cardiac implants, this segment is expected to see steady growth.

Ceramic:

Ceramic materials are increasingly being utilized in the development of cardiac implants due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Ceramics are often used in heart valve replacements and other applications where reduced friction and improved wear resistance are critical. The unique characteristics of ceramics allow for a more natural interaction with biological tissues, which can enhance patient outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. As research continues into the development of advanced ceramic materials and coatings, the adoption of ceramics in cardiac implants is expected to grow. The increasing shift towards materials that promote better healing and reduced risk of infection is driving interest in ceramic-based options.

Polymer:

The polymer segment represents a growing area within the cardiac implants market, as polymers are recognized for their versatility and favorable properties in medical applications. Polymers such as polyurethane and polyethylene are being used in various cardiac devices, including leads for pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. The inherent flexibility, lower weight, and compatibility of polymers make them suitable for applications where reduced trauma to surrounding tissues is essential. Furthermore, advancements in polymer technology are leading to the development of bioresorbable materials that can reduce the risk of complications associated with permanent implants. As healthcare providers continue to adopt innovative materials that enhance patient outcomes, the polymer segment is likely to experience increased demand.

By User

Hospitals:

Hospitals are the primary end-user of cardiac implants, facilitating a wide range of invasive and non-invasive procedures for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The comprehensive patient care offered by hospitals, including pre-operative assessments, surgical interventions, and postoperative care, positions them as the preferred setting for cardiac implant procedures. Hospitals are increasingly adopting advanced technologies, such as telemedicine and remote monitoring systems, to enhance the management of patients post-implantation. The ability of hospitals to provide immediate and critical care, alongside the expertise of specialized medical teams, ensures optimal outcomes for patients requiring cardiac devices. The continuous investment in healthcare infrastructure and advanced treatment modalities within hospitals is further driving the demand for cardiac implants in this segment.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) are gaining traction as a key end-user in the cardiac implants market, particularly due to the trend towards outpatient procedures. ASCs provide a cost-effective alternative for patients undergoing cardiac implant surgeries, allowing for same-day discharge and reduced hospital stays. The convenience and efficiency of ASCs align with the increasing preference among patients for outpatient care, particularly for less complex surgical procedures. As surgical techniques and technologies evolve, more cardiac implant procedures are being performed in these centers, contributing to their growth as a significant end-user of cardiac implants. The flexibility and focus on patient-centered care in ASCs are positioning them favorably in the cardiac implants market.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics are emerging as an important end-user of cardiac implants as they focus on specific cardiac conditions and advanced treatment options. These clinics often provide specialized services such as heart failure management, arrhythmia care, and cardiothoracic surgery. The personalized approach and expertise offered by specialty clinics attract patients seeking targeted interventions for their cardiovascular issues. Furthermore, partnerships between specialty clinics and hospitals facilitate comprehensive care pathways for patients requiring cardiac implants. The trend of seeking specialized care for complex heart conditions is likely to drive the growth of this segment, as more patients recognize the value of receiving care from dedicated practitioners in the field.

By Region

The cardiac implants market is expected to exhibit significant regional variations, with North America anticipated to dominate the market share due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure and high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The region accounted for approximately 40% of the global market share in 2022, driven by factors such as increased healthcare expenditure, innovative cardiac technologies, and a high rate of adoption of implantable devices. Furthermore, the presence of key players and ongoing research and development initiatives in this region are expected to bolster market growth, with a projected CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. The growing awareness of heart diseases and the availability of advanced treatment options are likely to sustain the momentum of the North American cardiac implants market.

Europe is another prominent market for cardiac implants, holding around 30% of the global market share in 2022. The region benefits from a well-established healthcare system and a growing emphasis on preventive care and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The increasing geriatric population and rising prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases are contributing to the growing demand for cardiac implants in European countries. Additionally, the adoption of innovative medical technologies and the implementation of favorable regulatory policies are expected to enhance market opportunities in the region. The Asia Pacific region is also emerging as a significant market, driven by the rapid growth of healthcare infrastructure, increasing awareness of cardiac health, and rising disposable incomes. As a result, the cardiac implants market is poised for substantial growth in both established and emerging regions during the forecast period.

Opportunities

The cardiac implants market presents a multitude of opportunities for growth and expansion, particularly in emerging economies where healthcare infrastructure is rapidly developing. As countries in the Asia-Pacific and Latin America regions invest in enhancing their healthcare systems, there is a corresponding increase in demand for advanced medical technologies, including cardiac implants. The growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in these regions creates a pressing need for effective treatment options, positioning companies that specialize in cardiac devices favorably to capitalize on this demand. Furthermore, the expansion of telemedicine and digital health solutions offers innovative ways for healthcare providers to monitor patients post-implantation, thereby improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. The emphasis on personalized medicine and individualized treatment plans is also paving the way for advancements in cardiac device technology that cater to specific patient needs, creating additional avenues for growth.

Another significant opportunity lies in the ongoing research and development efforts aimed at enhancing the efficacy and safety of cardiac implants. Companies that invest in innovation, particularly those focused on developing next-generation devices with improved performance metrics, are likely to gain a competitive edge in the market. The introduction of bioresorbable materials, artificial intelligence for predictive analytics, and remote monitoring technologies can enhance the overall treatment experience for patients and healthcare providers alike. Additionally, collaborations between medical device manufacturers, healthcare providers, and researchers to develop new solutions for complex cardiac issues are expected to foster innovation and drive market growth. As regulatory agencies increasingly recognize and approve innovative cardiac implant technologies, the market is poised to benefit from novel therapies that address unmet medical needs.

Threats

Despite the promising growth trajectory of the cardiac implants market, several threats could potentially hinder its progress. One of the primary concerns is the increasing incidence of regulatory scrutiny surrounding medical devices. Regulatory bodies are imposing stringent guidelines and requirements for the approval of new cardiac implants, which can significantly extend the time and resources necessary for bringing innovations to market. This could deter smaller companies and startups from entering the market, leading to reduced competition and innovation. Additionally, the high costs associated with the development and production of advanced cardiac devices may discourage adoption, particularly in price-sensitive markets where affordability is a crucial consideration. Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological advancements requires continuous investments in research and development, which can pose a challenge for companies to keep up with the evolving landscape.

Moreover, the potential for adverse events and complications associated with cardiac implants, such as infections and device failures, can impact patient trust and acceptance. Any negative publicity surrounding device safety can lead to increased scrutiny from regulators and healthcare providers, ultimately affecting sales and market growth. The presence of alternative therapies and non-invasive treatment options for cardiac conditions poses additional competition for implantable devices, particularly among patients who prefer less invasive approaches. Finally, the global supply chain disruptions and economic uncertainties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to present challenges for manufacturers in terms of sourcing materials and meeting production demands.

Competitor Outlook

• Medtronic
• Boston Scientific
• Abbott Laboratories
• St. Jude Medical (now part of Abbott Laboratories)
• Edwards Lifesciences
• Cordis Corporation (a subsidiary of Cardinal Health)
• Biotronik
• Terumo Corporation
• Sorin Group (now part of LivaNova)
• Cook Medical
• AngioDynamics
• MedicoReach
• MicroPort Scientific Corporation
• Implantable Technology Corporation
• Abbott Electrophysiology

The competitive landscape of the cardiac implants market is characterized by the presence of several key players that are actively engaged in innovation and expansion strategies to enhance their market positions. Major companies, such as Medtronic and Boston Scientific, are leading the way in terms of technological advancements and broad product portfolios. Medtronic, recognized as a pioneer in the field, offers a comprehensive range of cardiac implants, including pacemakers, ICDs, and CRT devices that utilize cutting-edge technology to improve patient outcomes. The company is also focusing on expanding its global footprint, particularly in emerging markets, through partnerships and collaborations with local healthcare providers.

Boston Scientific is another prominent player known for its innovative cardiac devices and strong emphasis on research and development. The company has made significant investments in developing advanced implantable technologies, including leadless pacemakers and next-generation defibrillators. Their focus on developing user-friendly and patient-centric devices, along with their strategy to penetrate emerging markets, positions them well for future growth. Abbott Laboratories, following its acquisition of St. Jude Medical, has strengthened its presence in the cardiac implants market, bolstering its portfolio with a wide range of products, including advanced heart valves and electrophysiology solutions. Abbott's commitment to innovation and improving patient care continues to drive its competitive positioning in the market.

Additionally, companies such as Edwards Lifesciences and Biotronik are making notable contributions to the cardiac implants sector with their specialized offerings. Edwards is recognized for its leadership in heart valve replacement technologies and is focused on advancing transcatheter heart valve therapy. Biotronik, on the other hand, has gained traction with its cutting-edge pacemaker and ICD technologies, emphasizing remote monitoring capabilities and advanced algorithms that enhance patient management. As these companies continue to innovate and differentiate their products in response to evolving patient needs, the competitive landscape of the cardiac implants market is expected to remain dynamic and rapidly evolving.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Biotronik
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Medtronic
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 MedicoReach
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Cook Medical
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 AngioDynamics
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Boston Scientific
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Terumo Corporation
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Abbott Laboratories
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Edwards Lifesciences
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Abbott Electrophysiology
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 MicroPort Scientific Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Implantable Technology Corporation
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Sorin Group (now part of LivaNova)
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 St. Jude Medical (now part of Abbott Laboratories)
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Cordis Corporation (a subsidiary of Cardinal Health)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Cardiac Implants Market, By User
    • 6.1.1 Hospitals
    • 6.1.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.1.3 Specialty Clinics
  • 6.2 Cardiac Implants Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Hospitals
    • 6.2.2 Cardiology Centers
    • 6.2.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
  • 6.3 Cardiac Implants Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Pacemakers
    • 6.3.2 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
    • 6.3.3 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
    • 6.3.4 Ventricular Assist Devices
    • 6.3.5 Heart Valves
  • 6.4 Cardiac Implants Market, By Material Type
    • 6.4.1 Metal
    • 6.4.2 Ceramic
    • 6.4.3 Polymer

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Cardiac Implants Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Cardiac Implants market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Pacemakers
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
• Ventricular Assist Devices
• Heart Valves

By Application

• Hospitals
• Cardiology Centers
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers

By Material Type

• Metal
• Ceramic
• Polymer

By User

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Specialty Clinics

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Medtronic
• Boston Scientific
• Abbott Laboratories
• St. Jude Medical (now part of Abbott Laboratories)
• Edwards Lifesciences
• Cordis Corporation (a subsidiary of Cardinal Health)
• Biotronik
• Terumo Corporation
• Sorin Group (now part of LivaNova)
• Cook Medical
• AngioDynamics
• MedicoReach
• MicroPort Scientific Corporation
• Implantable Technology Corporation
• Abbott Electrophysiology